Tiny wee particles Flashcards
Standard model
Matter made up of atoms
Atoms made up of electrons and nucleus
In that nucleus there are protons and neutrons.
In the protons and neutrons there are quarks
Bohr model
Nucleus with electrons in energy levels
Order of magnitude
Divide larger by smaller - power of 10 left over is order of magnitude
Remember to round up and take into account new order of magnification if it is appropriate to do so.
Fundamental particles
A particle that cannot be broken down any smaller
Electrons are - protons and neutrons are not as they can be broken down into quarks
3 types of fundamental particles
Quarks, leptons and bosons
Fermions
Matter particle - quarks or leptons
Bosons
Force mediating particles
Examples - photons, mesons and Higgs
6 types of quark
Up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom
Positive quarks
Up, charm and top
Negative quarks
Down, strange and bottom
Charge of positive quark
+2/3
Charge of negative quarks
-1/3
Composition of proton
2 up quarks one down quark
Meaning overall charge is 1
Composition of neutron
2 down quarks 1 up quark
Meaning overall charge is 0
Beta emission
When a neutron changes to a proton releasing energy - a down quark will change to an up quark
Antimatter
Quarks and leptons all have antimatter equivalent - these have the same masses but opposite charge
What happens when matter and antimatter combine
They will annihilate one another and release energy
Uses of antimatter
Used in PET scans positron emission tomography
Positron
Anti electron
Symbols for antiparticles
e+ or ē
Leptons
Can exist on there own 6 types Electron and electron neutrino Muon and muon neutrino Tau and tau neutrino
Hadrons
Can only exist when multiple quarks are bound together
2 types - mesons and baryons
Meson composition
Quark and antiquark
Baryons
3 quarks
Example neutron and proton
Sizes of fermions
Leptons are light
Mesons are in the middle
Baryons are big
Baryons and hadrons
Baryons are all hadrons but not all hadrons are baryons as they can also be mesons
