Timeline Flashcards
Fall of Rome
476 AD
Reformation
1517 AD
Medieval Period
Fall of Rome (476 AD) - Reformation (1517 AD)
Rise of Islam
600 AD - 700 AD
Crusade
1095 AD - 1291 AD; 4th crusade in 1204 AD destroyed the Byzantine Empire
Filioque added to Nicene Creed
1054 AD (end of early middle age)
Christian Empire
313 - 476 AD Edict of Milan (313) Fall of the Last Roman Emperor of the West - Romulus Augustus (476) *Goth sacked Rome in 410.
Early Middle Age
476 - 1054 AD
Fall of the Last Roman Emperor of the West - Romulus Augustus (476)
Schism Between East and West (1054)
–Byzantine empire’s conversion of Russia
High Pt of Middle Age
1054 - 1303 AD Schism (1054) Decline of Papacy (1303) --The rise of monastic orders - Franciscans and Dominicans, Aquinas. --The rise of Scholastic theology
Late Middle Ages
1303 - 1454 AD Decline of Papacy (1303) Fall of Constantinople (1453) --Papacy was moved from Rome to border of France --2 or 3 popes claiming to be the Pope
Conquest and Reformation
The Fall of Constantinople (1453)
–95 Thesis in 1517
Counter-Reformation
- 1534-1563
- Catholic response to Reformation, many of the abuses of the Catholic Church were corrected, and traditional Catholic doctrine re-affirmed.
- Led to Council of Trent
- Affirmed that Church/tradition were on par with Scripture, sacraments and transubstantiation, and justification is faith plus works.
Heidelberg Catechism
- 1563
- Olevianus and Ursinus
- form of a catechism, but content of a confession.
- Held by the Continental Reformed Church (European-German, Dutch). Many say the Heidelberg Catechism has a more personal feel than the Westminster Confession.
Synod of Dort
- 1618
- Reformed thinkers to answer the assertions of the Remonstrants. Response = TULIP
Westminster Assembly
- 1643-1652
- Puritan divines, assembled by the British Parliament to produce a Confession to unite the United Kingdom ecclesiastically.
- Confession of Faith, and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms would become the standard of faith for the Presbyterian, Congregational and Regular Baptist churches in Scotland, England and America.
- Borne out of Scotch and English Calvinism, structured upon the foundation of the “Irish Articles of Faith” of 1615.
Pietism
- 17th Cent
- Germany, it was a movement against dead orthodoxy in the
Lutheran Church. - Emphasis on individual conversion and living orthodoxy that lead to a changed life.
First Great Awakening
- 1741-1745, New England
- George Whitefield, Edwards
- “Religious Affections” written in response to some false/merely emotive conversions.
Second Great Awakening
- 1800-1825
- Went in to the frontier as well, longer duration and more fervor than concern for theology.
- Led to significant church growth, improvement of morals and national life, checking of the growth of Deism, growth of missions, and social reform movements.
- Left a permanent mark on the American evangelical scene with its revivalistic emphasis and Arminian theology.
Old Side/New Side
New Side (Pro-Revival): Edwards, Whiteside, Tennant (Calvinists). Old Side (Anti-Revival): Charles Chaucy (Arminian).
Old School/New School
- 1837
- Controversy over the Second Great Awakening. There was an effort to create a cooperative plan for reaching the frontier out of which emerged a debate over seeming doctrinal indifference.
- Old School: strict subscriptionists, skeptical about the excesses of the Cane Ridge revivals and the New Measures of Finny.
- New School: at best, lax subscriptionists, often Arminian or rationalists.
- Controversy split the Presbyterian Church in two, which would last until the reunification–only to split again along North-South line in Civil War.
Auburn Affirmation
- 1924
- Presbyterians
- Safeguard unity and liberty of the Presbyterian Church.
- Intended to display tolerance, but became a divider between conservatives and liberals. The Affirmation denied need of ordained to commit to five essentials:
1. Inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture;
2. The virgin birth;
3. Substitutionary atonement
4. Christ’s real and historical resurrection and
5. Jesus’ working of miracles
Scholasticism
11th - 14th Centuries
- System and method of learning for philosophy and theology during the medieval period as developed in European university contexts.
- Relied on philosophical methods and the use of reason to make clear divisions and distinctions within a body of knowledge.
- Aquinas, Peter Abelard, Anselm, Peter Lombard and Duns Scotus.
Babylonian Captivity
- 14th Century
- When popes lived in Avignon, France, due to the political situation.
- Term used by Luther in the 16th century to describe the Roman Catholic Church’s “captivity” to the papacy and need for gospel liberation.
Humanism
14th-16th Century, France
- Man was the measure of all things.
- Sought to base education on the Greek and Latin classics, interpreted from within a Christian context. Theologically, the term indicates the high value that Christianity places on humans as created and redeemed by God.
Puritanism
- 16th-17th Century
- Movement that sought to “purify” Church of England in more Reformed directions.
- Calvinistic and Presbyterian or Congregational in church government.
- Reform impulses continued in New England as a major cultural force.
- Theology as leading to ethical action while ethics is grounded in true theology.
Radical Reformation
- 16th Century
- The “left” of “third” wind of the Protestant Reformation.
- Return to early Christian precedents for the nature and government of the church, rejecting national or state churches.
- Includes Anabaptists, Mennonites and the Amish.
Modernism
- 19th-20th Century
- Sought to interpret Christianity in light of modern knowledge, to alter Christian doctrine, which was seen as evolving.
- Condemned by Pope Pius X in 1907.
- Schliermacher, Fosdick.
Fundamentalism
- 20th Century
- Sought to preserve conservative Protestant views and values against liberal theology and the higher criticism of Scripture.
- Focus on inerrancy and literal interpretation of Scripture.
Neo-orthodoxy
- Return to Christianity without having to be historically grounded (modern naturalistic presuppositions).
- Opposed liberalism, stressed Reformation themes such as God’s transcendence, human sinfulness, and centrality of Christ.
- Dominant in Europe and America after World War II until 1960’s.
- Also called Neo-Calvinism, Neo-Protestantism, and Neo-Reformation theology.
- Karl Barth, Emil Brunner, and others.
Augustine and Pelagius
Pelagius recoiled in horror at the idea that a divine gift (grace) is necessary to perform what God commands. For Pelagius and his followers responsibility always implies ability. If man has the moral responsibility to obey the law of God, he must also have the moral ability to do it.
4 Forerunners of the Reformation
Pierre Valdo
John Wycliffe
John Hus
Girolamo Savonarola
Who convinced Calvin to stay in Geneva?
William Farel
Name 1 Ante-Nicean Father and a writing
Tertullian - Apologeticus pro Christianis.
Dates of Westminster Assembly
1643-1649
When and where was the founding of the first American presbytery?
1706 - Philadelphia Presbytery
5 Essentials in Fundamentalist/Modernist Controversy
Virgin Birth Divinity of Christ Atonement Resurrection Scripture's Infallibility and Inerrancy
Give details of founding of the PCA
Who: - Southern Pres Journal (Nelson Bell) - Concerned Presbyterians - Presbyterian Evangelistic Fellowship - Presbyterian Ministers' Prayer Fellowship Where: Briarwood Pres When: 12/4/1973 Why: Fleeing liberalism
When did the RPCES come into the PCA?
Joining and Receiving Act, 1984
