timeline

Question 1

Viking age

Answer 1

800-1000

Question 2

By 410

Answer 2

the roman empire withdraws military support from Britain

Question 3

450

Answer 3

Anglo-Saxons begin to settle England

Question 4

600

Answer 4

Efforts begin to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
Introduction of Latin Alphabet replacing Runes

Question 5

First written evidence for Old English

Answer 5

700:
Hittite inscription on elk bone, it is important because it shows evidence for writing but fails to explain why there was writing

Question 6

the first viking raid

Answer 6

: anglo-saxon chronicles
Started old norse contact and aethelred paid them off which attracted ,more norse resulting in higher old norse influence, 789

Question 7

bede complete his historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum.

Answer 7

791 This represents the earliest specimen of english poetry. There was tons of words dedicated to poetry, this was called a kenning.

Question 8

Alfred the Great’s educational reforms

Answer 8

begins 878: Increased Literacy in English as method to teach Latin
Established West Saxon dialect as main written dialect for Old English
Guthrum treaty in 880 resulted in danelaw which caused peacefulness, words from old english and the opportunity for the education reform. Starting the end of inflections. battle of ashdown: alfred the king of wessex becomes the king of england after defeating the danish army which caused the danelaw and Benedictine revival.

Question 9

The Benedictine Revival

Answer 9

950-1066. many texts were being written in English because of the increase of english education. People in the church were learning english and then latin instead of the reverse order

Question 10

The Norman Conquest

Answer 10

1066 Battle of Stamford Bridge and Battle of Hastings. harold of wessex is beaten by William duke of Normandy which introduces massive french influence as the king of england is duke of normandy
Resulted in England being Ruled by French Aristocracy
Beginning of Middle English

Question 11

England and Normandy politically separated

Answer 11

1204: King John skipped a meeting to determine who would marry a 12 year old with king philip augustus of France, and lost control of Normandy
John’s son, Henry III had strong french connection and appointed French dignitaries who brought their parties (friends, officials, armies)
Viewed Anglo-French as a hick dialect
Pushback from Anglo-French who spoke english instead
Nobles of Norman Background began to think of themselves as English
Resulted in a variety of loan words from French into English

Question 12

Middle English

Answer 12

Loss of Inflections, the most important morphological change in the History of English

Question 13

East Midlands English standardized

Answer 13

1300’s: 0s: wealthy immigrants to London associated the dialect wiht wealth and power
Used for government documents
developed through the 1400s and continues to the present day

Question 14

1400’s

Answer 14

Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press.
Johannes gutenberg was the og of printing

Question 15

1476

Answer 15

William Caxton Sets up the First Printing Press, many historians of English say that this was the beginning of early Modern English

Question 16

1600s:

Answer 16

Latin borrowing peaked during Inkhorn Debate

Question 17

1604

Answer 17

A Table Alphabetical by Robert Cawdrey is the first english dictionary. Also first list of english hardwords.

Question 18

1623

Answer 18

Henry Cockeram writes English Dictionarie: Or, an Interpreter of Hard English Words. Meant for those who didn’t have access to education but still wanted to understand loanwords from Latin, French, etc.

Question 19

1702

Answer 19

John Kersey writes “New English Dictionary”, the first English lexicographer attempt to list all the words of the English language in a dictionary. This dictionary was based on The New World of English Words (1658) by Edward Phillips.

Question 20

1730:

Answer 20

Dictionarium Brittanicum by Nathaniel Bailey is published, this remains the standard English dictionary until Samuel Johnson.

Question 21

1755

Answer 21

Standard English Dictionary was Published. Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson

Question 22

1786

Answer 22

Language families researched by William Jones
Noticed similarities between Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, and English
Suggested they came from a proto-language

Question 23

1828

Answer 23

Webster’s Dictionary Third Edition was Published
American dictionary to compete with Johnson’s

Question 24

1928

Answer 24

First Edition of OED started by Richard Chenevix Trench finished in 1928: First Edition of OED finished

Question 25

1958

Answer 25

shavian (new alphabet for english) is invented by kingsley read

Question 26

1989:

Answer 26

Second Edition of OED finished, with computer assistance.