Time Period 2 (Chapter 5) Flashcards
Paxton Boys
Armed march on Philadelphia by Scots-Irish frontiersmen in protest of the Quaker’s lenient policies towards Native Americans
Regulator Movement
eventually violent uprising of backcountry settlers in North Carolina against unfair taxation and the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite
Triangular Trade
exchange of rum, slaves, and molasses, between North American colonies, Africa, and the West Indies
Molasses Act
Tax on imported molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies (ineffective due to smuggling)
Arminianism
belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on God’s grace
Great Awakening
religious revival that swept the colonies; participating ministers placed emphasis on direct and emotive spirituality
Old Lights
Orthodox clergymen who rejected emotionalism for more rational spirituality
New Lights
Ministers who took part in the revivalist, emotive religious tradition; pioneered by George Whitefield
Poor Richard’s Almanack
Widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin; best known for proverbs and aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality, and common sense
Zenger Trial
New York libel case against John Peter Zenger; established the principle that truthful statements about public officials could not be prosecuted of libel
Royal Colonies
colonies where governors were appointed directly by the king
Proprietary Colonies
Colonies - Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware - under the control of local proprietors who appointed colonial governors
Jean de Crevecoeur
French settler whose essays depicted American life in North American colonies and described what he saw as a new american identity
Jacob Arminius
Dutch theologist who rejected predestination, preaching that salvation could be obtained by the acceptance of God’s Grace
Johnathan Edwards
New England minister whose fiery sermons helped touch off the Great Awakening; emphasized human helplessness and depravity
George Whitefield
Iterate English preacher whose rousing sermons throughout the American colonies drew vast audiences sparked a wave if religious conversion, the first great awakening
John Trumbull
Connecticut born artist who traveled to England to pursue his artistic ambitions; best known for his depictions of the American revolution and the signings of the Declaration
John Singleton Copley
Massachusetts born artist who was best known for his portraits of prominent colonial Americans, such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams; loyalist during the revolution
Phillis Wheatly
African American poet who overcame the barriers if slavery to publish two collections of her poems
John Peter Zenger
New York printer tried for seditious libel against the state’s corrupt royal governor; his acquittal set an important precedent for the freedom of press
