Time Period 1 (Chapter 3) Flashcards
Calvinism
dominant theological credo if the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin. They believed in predestination (only the elect were destined for salvation)
Predestination
Calvinist doctrine that God foreordained people to be saved or to be damned. Those who believed they were destined for salvation, tried to lead sanctified lives.
Conversion
Calvinist’s way of confirming an individual’s part among the “elect” or “visible saints”
Puritans
English Protestant reformers who wanted to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. They believed only visible saints should be admitted.
Separatists
Smaller group of English Puritans who wanted to separate from the Church of England.
Mayflower Compact
Signed by those on the Mayflower, agreeing for a majoritarian government. This was the first step towards self government in the colonies.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Est. by non-separating puritans, it grew to be the most largest and influential of the New England colonies
Great Migration
70,000 european refugees moved to the North American colonies, specifically New England and the Caribbean. The 20,000 who came to MA largely believed in establishing a christian settlement.
antinomanism
belief that the elect need not follow the rules of God or Man. most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson
Fundamental Orders
protestant christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the Bible and opposing religious modernism
Pequot War
series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valley. ended in their slaughter
King Philip’s War
series of assaults by Metacom (King Philip) on English settlements in New England. Slowed the westward migration of New England for decades.
English Civil War
armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-parliamentary forces and the execution of Charles I.
Dominion of New England
administrative union create by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East/West Jersey. Under rule of Sir Edmond Andros who curved popular assemblies, taxed residents without consent, and enforced the navigation laws
Navigation Laws
series of laws passed starting in 1651 to regulate colonial shipping. they provided that only english ships would be allowed to trade in the colonies and that all goods destined for the colonies has to pass through England first.
Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution
peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic Monarch, James I, replacing him w/ dutch-born William III and Mary, James I’s daughter.
salutary neglect
relaxed royal control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of the Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the French and Indian War.
patroonships
vast tracks of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing 15 settlers to the property
Blue Laws
passed in Puritan New England and PA, known as Sumptuary Laws, they were designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality.
Martin Luther
German Friar who touched off the Protestant Reformation
John Calvin
french protestant reformer whose religious teachings formed the theological principal basis for English Puritans. argued humans are weak and wicked, God was all-seeing and all-powerful, and he predestined souls
William Bradford
Euridite leader of the Separatist Pilgrims who left England for Holland and eventually sailed the Mayflower to est. the first English colony in MA.
John Winthrop
first governor of MA Bay Colony. Able admin/ devout puritan, who helped to ensure prosperity of the colony and enforce the puritan orthodoxy
Anne Hutchinson
Antinomian religious dissenter brought to trial for heresy in MA Bay Colony after arguing she need not follow God’s or Man’s law and claiming direct revelation from god
Rodger Williams
Salem minister who advocated for a complete break from the Church of England and criticized the MA Bay Colony for unlawfully taking land from Indians. Banished for heresy, he est. a small community in Rhode Island, later getting a charter from England
Massasoit
Wampanoag chief who signed a peace treaty with english settlers, helping the celebrate the first thanksgiving
Metacom (King Philip)
Wampanoag cheif who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlers in New England from 1675-1676. Eventually captured and killed.
Charles II
Assumed the throne w/ the restoration of monarchy in 1660. Sought to establish firm control over the colonies, ending relative independence
Sir Edmond Andros
Royal appointed admin of the Dominion of New England, who stopped their town meetings, taxed them with no representation. They dispatched him back to England
William III and Mary
Installed to the throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1689. They relaxed control over the colonies, creating a period of salutary neglect.
Henry Hudson
English explorer who ventured up the Hudson River and into the New York bay for the Dutch in 1609 in search of a northwest passage
Peter Stuyvesant
Director general of Dutch New Netherlands from 1645 until the colony fell to the British
Duke of York
Catholic English Monarch who reigned as James II. When the English seized New Amsterdam in 1664, they named it in the Duke’s honor
William Penn
Established PA as a haven for fellow Quaker’s in 1681. Est. friendly relations with neighboring Indians, and attracted a wide array of settlers with promises of economic opportunities as well as ethnic and religious tolerance
