Time Period 1 (Chapter 2) Flashcards
Protestant Reformation
Movement to reform the catholic church started by Martin Luther in Germany.
Called for the Church to translate the bible from Latin, because very few could read Latin, questioned the authority of the pope, and sought to eliminate the selling of indulgences.
England had it’s Protestant Reformation when King Henry VIII broke from the Roman Catholic Church
Roanoke Island
Sir Walter Raleigh’s failed settlement off the coast of North Carolina
Spanish Armada
Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. Their defeat marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish Empire.
Primogenture
Legal principal in Europe that stated the oldest son of the family get’s all the parent’s inheritence, while younger children get nothing. Forced people like Drake, Gilbert, and Raleigh, to be explorers as they had nothing to lose.`
joint-stock company
Short-term partnership between 2 or more companies to sponsor a commercial enterprise, not expected to last long. This had sponsored England’s early colonial adventures.
charter
legal document granted to the people of Jamestown that basically said they will be away from home, but will be given the same rights and under the same laws as they would have if they were still in England
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in the New World in Virginia in 1607. Founded by the Virginia Company.
First Anglo-Powhatan War
series of clashes between Powhatan confederacy and Virginian settlers. Settlers burned and pillaged their villages and applied tactics used in England’s campaign against Ireland.
Second Anglo-Powhatan War
last ditch effort by Powhatans to get rid of the English settlers in Virginia. The resulting peace treaty separated the Indians and settlers areas of living.
Act of Toleration
Passed in Maryland; it guaranteed toleration for all Christians but declared the death penalty for anyone who denied the “divinity of god” aka Jews and Atheists
Barbados slave code
First formal statute that gave Masters full control over their slaves, governing the treatment of slaves but lacked penalties for mistreatment
squatters
frontier families who illegally occupied land owned by others or land not open to the public for settlement
Tuscarora War
Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After Tuscarora’s were defeated, surviving Indians had moved northward and eventually joined the Iroquois Confederacy.
Yamasee Indians
Defeated by south Carolinians in the war of 1715-1716 and their defeat devastated the last of the costal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies.
buffer
A territory between 2 antagonistic powers, intended to minimalize conflict between the people. Georgia was the buffer for England and Spain
Iroquois Confederacy
6 tribes bound together:
- Mohawks. Iroquois, Oneida, Onondagas, Cayuga, and Seneca
in the Mohawk valley of what is now New York State
Henry VIII
Monarch that launched the Protestant reformation when he broke away from the catholic church to divorce Catherine of Aragon`
Elizabeth I
Protestant queen of England, whose 45 year reign firmly secured the angelican church. Dubbed the “virgin queen” because she never married.
Sir Francis Drake
Sea dog that stole Spanish treasures for Queen Elizabeth I, in hopes to make up for England’s sad colonization failures.
Sir Walter Raleigh
Started the failed colony of Roanoke in North Carolina; was once a favorite of Queen Elizabeth I but lost her favor when he secretly married one of her maids of honor.
James I
Formerly james VI of Scotland but became James I of England after Elizabeth I died; supported overseas exploration and granted a charter to the Virginia Company in 1606 for them to settle Jamestown.
Captain John Smith
English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608. he was kidnapped and put into a mock trial, ended up “saved” by Pocahontas, enabling him to create ties with the Powhatans. Forced gold hungry colonists to work and be more productive.
Powhatan
Chief of Powhatan Confederacy; daughter is Pocahontas; staged the mock execution of John Smith in 1607. Led the Powhatans in the first angle-Powhattan war, negotiating a tenuous peace in 1614
Pocahontas
Daughter of Powhatan; served as a mediator between Indians and colonists. She married John Rolfe and sailed with him to England, but died before she could return back to the colonies.
Lord De La Warr
colonial governor who enforced military rule over Jamestown in 1610. Colony of Delaware was named after him. was a veteran of the Irish campaign and employed Irish tactics in his war against Indians.
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas in 1614 to seal peace between indians and colonists
Lord Baltimore
Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics and unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies and gave his Catholic family vast tracks of land, which soon created tension between seaboard Catholics and backcountry protestants.
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan general who helped lead parlimental forces in England’s Civil War and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658
James Oglethorpe
Soldier-statesmen and founder of Georgia. Established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment. Repelled a Spanish attack on the English colonies successfully in the war of Jenkin’s ear with his forces
Hiawatha`
Founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes in the late 16th century
