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Interview PWE > Tillage > Flashcards

Tillage Flashcards

1
Q

Typical crop rotation:

A

-Oilseed rape
-Winter wheat
-Spring Barley
-Winter Barley
-Oats

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2
Q

Whats a break crop?

A

Oilseed rape
Oats

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3
Q

Trial designs:

A

-25% of trials are Teagasc
-75% of trials are for commercial

-Always untreated control
-Each treatment gets 4 reps
-Randomised blocks
Test only treatment type

OR

-Split Plot variety treatment
Tests both variety and treatment
-Treatments are randomised in each variety block

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4
Q

Commercial trials companies:

A

-Bayer
-BASF
-Corteva
-Syngenta

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5
Q

What are teagasc trials based on?

A

IPM
Integrated Pest Management
Deirdre uses products that are already available on the market and sees what is the most efficient, their strengths and weaknesses

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6
Q

Winter wheat trial
PH
N
P
K

A

6.5
Index 2
Index 4
Index 3

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7
Q

Talk about variety of of Winter wheat trial
-Thousand grain weight
-Seed rate application
-Seeds per square metre
-Sown date

A

-52 grams
-192kg/ha
-390 seeds per meter squared
-October

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8
Q

Before a trial is sown how if the field prepped

A

-Ploughed- One pass system
-Parrow harrowed ground
-Seed placed
-Rolled

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9
Q

What size is trial plots?

A

-2m x 12m

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10
Q

What did the trial recieve?

A

-Slug pellets October
-Aphicide and herbicide December
-N in march
-Growth regulator in April

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11
Q

What weeds ?

A

Thistles
Chickweed

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12
Q

Spraying of Winter wheat trial:

A

-T1 when leaf 3 fully emerged (end of april) Revystar XL+Arizona
As this is both an azole ad SDHI and Multisite

-T2 (end of may) when leaf 1 fully emerged Flag leaf.
Peacoq + Pontoon + Arizona
Which included QIL (quinone inside inhibitors)

-T3 (June) also known as head spray , done early flowering.
Prosaro, included 2 different azoles

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13
Q

Why is it important to use different actives?

A

Reduce the chance of resistance

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14
Q

Cultivation and seedbed prep:

A

Ploughing primary cultivation method
-Trial plots ploughed perpendicular to the plots at a depth of 7 inches
-One pass system occur parrowharrowing and sowing , then rolling weather permited.

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15
Q

Why is cultivation important?

A

Uniform germination and seedling establishment.

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16
Q

Where are trials sown?

A

-Oakpark
-Kildalton
-Cork
-Dublin
-Knockbeg

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17
Q

What are some trials sown with?

A

-Fiona drill
-one pass system

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18
Q

What does rolling the ground enhance?

A

-Germination

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19
Q

Commercially available winter wheat varieties :
Why are they choosen?

A

-Dawsum
-Grahim- they are choosen because they are less resistant to septoria

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20
Q

What does septoria look like?

A

Yellow discolouration can significantly impact yeild and quality of crop

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21
Q

Why is septoria so prominant?

A

Due to irelands climate: Damp mild conditions - Septoria thrives in this weather- Winter /Spring wheat!
Septoria!

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22
Q

With wheat, When is septoria a major concern?
What is a concern later in the crop?

A

T1 T2
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)

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23
Q

WHt does FHB look like?

A

Furisium Head Blight causes the grain to become shrivelled and discolored, its not as big of an issue as septoria but its still prominent

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24
Q

What is another disease present in wheat?
What does it look like?
Why does it develop?

A

-Yellow rust
Yellow patches , stripe formation on leaves
The most prominent type of rust in Oakpark is yellow rust
Mild moist conditions

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25
Q

What isnt a common disease in what but is still an issue?

A

-Powdery mildew, isnt a problem as there is resistant seeds that they use to make sure there wont be much of it
Looks like small, white powdery patches on leaf

26
Q

Why is IPM important?

A

Carefully select varieties that are resistant to diseases and delay in sowing sated to minimize disease occurring.

27
Q

Average yield for winter wheat:
Hectolitre weight:

A

11-12 tonnes /ha
74

28
Q

Why is hectolitre weight important?

A

Its crucial to measure the grain quality

29
Q

Barley Varities in Oakpark

A

-Pixel
-Cassia
-Tardis

30
Q

Winter barley varities:

A

Cassia

31
Q

Spring Barley Varities:

A

Pixel
Tardis

32
Q

What is pixel susceptible to?

A

Ramularia
Brown rust

33
Q

Cassia is susceptible to

A

Rhyncosporium
Ramularia

34
Q

Tardis is susceptible to:

A

Highly susceptible to Ramularia

35
Q

Whats the standard rate of seed for sowing barley?

A

-350 seeds per square metre

36
Q

Whats the germination rate of barley seeds ?

A

85%

37
Q

Winter barley yield?

A

10 tonnes

38
Q

Average hectolitre weight of winter barley?

A

65

39
Q

Whats the primary factors affecting grain yield?

A

-Weather
-Nutrient availability
-Disease

40
Q

Whats the most prevalent disease in barley?

A

Ramularia

41
Q

What does Ramularia look like?

A

Small pale yellow spots that progress into lesions

42
Q

What does rhyncosporum look like?

A

Small , elongated lesions that are pale green or grey,
Advanced lesions turn brown to dark grey with irregular edges

43
Q

In late season of barley what attacks it?

A

Brown rust

44
Q

What does net blotch look like and what does it occur in?

A

Barley
Small yellow spots on leaves that grow into lesions , small dark areas with yellow outline

45
Q

BYDV

A

Barley Yellow Daraf Virus
Yellowing of leaves , purple or red tint on edges of leaves
Aphids spread this
Diease resistant barley is the only way

46
Q

What did we assess barley for in lab?

A

Rynco
Ramularia
Net blotch

47
Q

What potato varity does deirdre work with in oakpark?

A

Rooster- known for its high yields

48
Q

When where potatoes planted, what size plots?

A

in May
2.5m x 9m plots

49
Q

Main disease in potatoes?

A

Late blight
Dark lesions that turn into dark brown large spots

50
Q

Fungicide applications for potatoes:

A

Start mid-July
Every week (Thursday) until the first week of September

51
Q

When are they harvested?

A

November
20 tonne per hectare

52
Q

OLR

A

Didnt plant due to previous clubroot infestation due to inadequate crop rotation

53
Q

What does club root look like ?

A

distorted roots and stunted growth with wilting above ground
Challenging to manage because of its germination of resting spores in soil after infection
Wait 6 years

54
Q

Herbicide for winter crops:
Herbicide for spring crops:

A

-Winter crops 2 herbicide applications
-Spring crops 1 herbicide application

55
Q

Cans for spraying :

A

1-60
5 litres poured into a bucket
Stirred mix, placed into cans
Pressurized to 2.1 bar

56
Q

Application rate of spraying cans:

A

200 litres of water per hectare
-Handheld boom or Boom on small tractor
-Low drift air induction nozzles

57
Q

Harvesting:

A

Combine weighs, tests moisture levels , collects samples from each plot

58
Q

Barley should be harvested at what % of moisture
Wheat should be harvested at what % moisture

A

-15%
-20%

59
Q

When is winter wheat harvested

A

Mid august

60
Q

When is spring barley harvested?

A

Mid to end of august

61
Q

When is Winter Barley harvested?

A

Mid july

62
Q

Whats the special harvester called ?

A

IPO Rosenlew harvester

Interview PWE (6 decks)

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