Tidbits for midterm

Question 1

Fight or flight (adrenergic) response includes what?

Answer 1

pupil dilation
inhibition of saliva
accelerated HR
bronchialdilation
inhibition of peristalsis
conversion of glycogen to glucose
secretion of adrenaline
inhibition of bladder contraction (can't pee)

Question 2

Acetylcholine is synthesized from _______ and released at the end of all presynaptic ganglia and the _______ nerves in the psns

Answer 2

choline; postganglionic

axon terminal

Question 3

______ is drooping of the eyelid

Answer 3

ptosis

Question 4

Adrenergic blockers are used to….

Answer 4

decrease HR

decrease BP

Question 5

What is the difference between indirect and direct acting?

Answer 5

binds DIRECTLY to receptors

or INDIRECTLY blocks acetylcholinesterase so it cannot kill the ACh

Question 6

urecholine lets the water out! So what can it be used to treat?

Answer 6

dry mouth, glaucoma and increase urination.

Question 7

Uncle Ari (Aricept) and Uncle Don (Donzepil) have what disease?

Answer 7

alzheimers

Donezpril = once a day = one and done

Question 8

Dopamine stimulates the release of NE from the nerve ending increasing cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure. What can it treat?

Answer 8

hypotensive shock

Question 9

A person is in shock, has cardiac standstill, or heart block after a transplanted heart. We need a beta agonist. Which one is best to use?

Answer 9

isoproterenol (isuprel)

Question 10

Why do you have to taper off of beta blockers?

Answer 10

rebound hypertension

Question 11

Adrenergic blockers can hide the symptoms of ______

Answer 11

hypoglycemia

Question 12

Phentolamine diagnosis phe….

Answer 12

pheochromocytoma - tumor in medulla adrenal gland

Question 13

Phentolamine - Regitine causes vasodilation so it must be a _____ blockers.

Answer 13

Alpha blocker

PHentoLAmine
PHLA = ALPHA

Question 14

Name the catecholamines….

Answer 14

dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 15

______ decreases vascular tone and causes vasodilation. It also block smooth muscle receptors in prostate which relaxes the prostate for improved flow. So it is great for treating BPH!

Answer 15

doxazosin (cardura)

fall in blood pressure
block smooth muscle receptors in prostate which relaxesthe prostate for improved flow.

Question 16

This drug is a PRO at preventing reinfarction after myocardial infarction (effects heart hint hint). The danger is giving it to diabetic patients because it is a PRO at hiding hypoglycemi signs.

Answer 16

PROpranolol (Inderal)

Question 17

Atenolol (Tenormin) tends to be given to smokers because it doesn’t effect the _____ ____ receptor.

It does tend to interact with NSAIDs

Answer 17

beta 2.

Ten Ten Tends…

Question 18

What is miosis?

What is mydriasis?

Answer 18

mi·o·sis
mīˈōsəs/Submit
noun
excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye.

mydriasis - excessive pupil dilation

Question 19

BethaneCHOL and UreCHOLine are cholinergic agonists that ____ tone of the detrusor and bladder and ___ the bladder sphincter to improve bladder function.

Answer 19

increase tone

relax sphincter

Since we are promoting peeing, an adverse effect? Going to far and creating urinary urgency

Question 20

Mestinon treats M____ ____

Answer 20

myasthenia gravis

Pyridostigmine (STIgM = STIM = stimulate muscles again)

Question 21

Tensilon, Enlon is a diagnostic agent for?

Answer 21

myasthenia gravis

ENLOn = ENd before LONg

This drug only last for a short time and then the person returns to weak muscles

Question 22

Why do anticholinergics create dry mouth?

Answer 22

against psns - against rest and digest - puts you in SNS where you have no saliva and no urination etc

Question 23

This drug is used preoperatively to dry secretions (against PSNS = anticholinergic). It can also be used to also used to restore cardiac rate and BP.

Answer 23

atropine

(memorization: atr - atrialfibrlation - aed - regular cardiac rate)

can cause palpitations and tachcardia if we over correct.

Question 24

Pregnancy classes range from A that is safe and X to not safe. Describe each

Answer 24

Pregnancy
• Class A – HUMAN adequate studies of woman that says okay
• Class B – ANIMAL animal studies okay, but not enough human study
• Class C – ANIMAL show adverse, but not not enough human study
• Class D – DEFINITELY human fetal risk
• Class X – X or cross it off your list, does damage