Tidbits for midterm Flashcards
Fight or flight (adrenergic) response includes what?
pupil dilation inhibition of saliva accelerated HR bronchialdilation inhibition of peristalsis conversion of glycogen to glucose secretion of adrenaline inhibition of bladder contraction (can't pee)
Acetylcholine is synthesized from _______ and released at the end of all presynaptic ganglia and the _______ nerves in the psns
choline; postganglionic
axon terminal
______ is drooping of the eyelid
ptosis
Adrenergic blockers are used to….
decrease HR
decrease BP
What is the difference between indirect and direct acting?
binds DIRECTLY to receptors
or INDIRECTLY blocks acetylcholinesterase so it cannot kill the ACh
urecholine lets the water out! So what can it be used to treat?
dry mouth, glaucoma and increase urination.
Uncle Ari (Aricept) and Uncle Don (Donzepil) have what disease?
alzheimers
Donezpril = once a day = one and done
Dopamine stimulates the release of NE from the nerve ending increasing cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure. What can it treat?
hypotensive shock
A person is in shock, has cardiac standstill, or heart block after a transplanted heart. We need a beta agonist. Which one is best to use?
isoproterenol (isuprel)
Why do you have to taper off of beta blockers?
rebound hypertension
Adrenergic blockers can hide the symptoms of ______
hypoglycemia
Phentolamine diagnosis phe….
pheochromocytoma - tumor in medulla adrenal gland
Phentolamine - Regitine causes vasodilation so it must be a _____ blockers.
Alpha blocker
PHentoLAmine
PHLA = ALPHA
Name the catecholamines….
dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
______ decreases vascular tone and causes vasodilation. It also block smooth muscle receptors in prostate which relaxes the prostate for improved flow. So it is great for treating BPH!
doxazosin (cardura)
fall in blood pressure
block smooth muscle receptors in prostate which relaxesthe prostate for improved flow.
This drug is a PRO at preventing reinfarction after myocardial infarction (effects heart hint hint). The danger is giving it to diabetic patients because it is a PRO at hiding hypoglycemi signs.
PROpranolol (Inderal)
Atenolol (Tenormin) tends to be given to smokers because it doesn’t effect the _____ ____ receptor.
It does tend to interact with NSAIDs
beta 2.
Ten Ten Tends…
What is miosis?
What is mydriasis?
mi·o·sis
mīˈōsəs/Submit
noun
excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye.
mydriasis - excessive pupil dilation
BethaneCHOL and UreCHOLine are cholinergic agonists that ____ tone of the detrusor and bladder and ___ the bladder sphincter to improve bladder function.
increase tone
relax sphincter
Since we are promoting peeing, an adverse effect? Going to far and creating urinary urgency
Mestinon treats M____ ____
myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine (STIgM = STIM = stimulate muscles again)
Tensilon, Enlon is a diagnostic agent for?
myasthenia gravis
ENLOn = ENd before LONg
This drug only last for a short time and then the person returns to weak muscles
Why do anticholinergics create dry mouth?
against psns - against rest and digest - puts you in SNS where you have no saliva and no urination etc
This drug is used preoperatively to dry secretions (against PSNS = anticholinergic). It can also be used to also used to restore cardiac rate and BP.
atropine
(memorization: atr - atrialfibrlation - aed - regular cardiac rate)
can cause palpitations and tachcardia if we over correct.
Pregnancy classes range from A that is safe and X to not safe. Describe each
Pregnancy
• Class A – HUMAN adequate studies of woman that says okay
• Class B – ANIMAL animal studies okay, but not enough human study
• Class C – ANIMAL show adverse, but not not enough human study
• Class D – DEFINITELY human fetal risk
• Class X – X or cross it off your list, does damage
