Protective Meds Flashcards
This aminoglycoside antibiotic is bactericidal. It can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. If you are giving this drug, monitor urine output. it is given to treat SERIOUS infections.
gentamicin (Garamycin)
_______ is the oldest antibiotic. It was first one discovered.
penicillin -
_______ is used o treat strep/staph/pneumoniae. You must not take it with aminoglycosides (gentamicin) or tetracycline.
amoxicillin (amoxil)
GROUP: penicillin/antibiotic
Do not give a patient _______ (______) if they have allergies to cephalosporin or penicillin.
Cefaclor (Ceclor)
antibiotic
do not take with alcohol or anticoagulants.
__________ ( _____ ) is used to treat UTI, respiratory tract infections, skin infections. It would be the drug of choice in an anthrax outbreak.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
GROUP: Fluoroquinolones/Antibiotic
may cause headache and dizziness.
This macrolide antibiotic is an alternative for penicillin (in the case someone is allergic to penicillin). It is both bacteriastatic and bacteriacidal. When using this medication, do not mix with digoxin!
erythromycin (Ery-Tab)
This lincosamide antibiotic is an alternative to penicillin but is MORE TOXIC then a macrolide alternative like erythromycin. It can cause sever tooth infection and osteomyelitis.
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
This monobactam antibiotic has little cross resistance. It can be used to treat UTI, skin infection, intra-abdominal and gynecologic infections.
aztreonam (Azactam)
AR: Gi irritation and hepatic enzyme elevation.
This sulfonamide antibiotic is used to treat both gram negative and positive bacteria. It can be used to treat UTI and ear infecctions. It should not be mixed with coumadin because it can cause toxicity.
Sulfasalazine (Azulefidine)
sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) is cross sensitive with thiazide diuretecs. What does that mean?
If a person has adverse reaction to sulfasalazine, that same person may have an adverse reaction to thiazide diuretics.
_________ is a semisynthetic antibiotic made from a common soil mold. It is used to treat acne. It can be used when penicillin is contraindicated.
tetracycline
TAKE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH!!!!
Tetracycline should not be given to children under the age of 8. Why?
Can cause damage to bone and teeth.
This antituberculotic med ________ ( ______) turns the body fluids pink. This drug can be used to treat TB and leprosy.
isoniazid (Nydrazid)
Liver toxic
Signs of TB?
malaise, frothy pink sputum, fever, lethargy, diminished breath sounds.
If a patient taking isoniazid (Nydrazid) complains of neuropathy, a feeling of pins and needles, administer what vitamin?
B6
This antiviral agent ________ ( _______ ) can be used to treat respiratory viruses and flu. It prevents the shedding of the virus’ protein coat.
rimantidine (Flumadine)
Do not take with anticholinergic drugs.
It can cause the flu symptoms to worsen, can cause insomnia.
This antiviral is used to treat herpes and the cytomegalovirus. It inhibits viral DNA reproduction by competition. This drug can cause rash and pruritis, dizzines and headache.
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
The IV version is called FOSCARNET (FOSCAVIR)
This antiviral is used to treat hepatitis B. It inhibits reverse transcriptase.
Adefovir (Hepsera)
Used to treat HIV, _______ ( ___________ ) binds to revers transcriptase thereby blocking RNA/DNA pollymerase.
nevirapine (viramune)
can cause flu like symptoms, rash and diarrhea
Ritonavir (Norvir) blocks protease. It can cause hyperglycemia. What tests should be used for this drug?
monitor ALT and bilirubin
Zidovudine ATZ (Retrovir) inhibits protein synthesis. This drug can be used to treat?
healthcare workers after possible infection. Give within 72 hours, then for 4 weeks.
Ritonavir (Norvir) as well.
T or F: Enfuviritide is a fusion inhibitor.
True. It prevents fusion of virus to cell. It may cause myalgia, headache dizziness, N/V diarrhea
Do not take with rifampin
_________ (________) is a fungal medicine that is used to treat fungal nail infections. It is safe to use with pregnant women.
terbinafine (lamisil)
T or F: You should check renal and hepatic function before administering an antifungal.
True. Do not administer in renal or hepatic diseased patients.
For antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, patients should be told to report what?
unusual bruising or bleeding.
Do not take with digoxin or anticoagulants nor phentyoin (also a heart med, for antiarrhythmia)
_________ can be used to treat progressively fatal fungal infections. It treats mycoses, plasmoses, and candidiasis.
amphotericin B
It treats all types of things that end with:
mycosis
plasmosis
iasis
do not mix with nephrotoxic drugs or corticosteroids
______ ( ______ ) is a SYSTEMIC fungal treatment. It can treat candidiasis, cryptococcal and meningitis infections. It may be given as a phrophylactic agent during bone marrow transplant to prevent candidiasis infection.
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
AR: flu symptoms, dyspepsia (indigestion), rash and pruritis.
_____________ ( _____, ____ ) is a topical fungal medication used to treat tinea infections (ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot) as well as yeast infections of the mouth and vagina.
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex)
Teaching:
If a patient being treated for this infection with this medication develops a rash with blisters, you must stop the medication immediately!
Malaria destroys RBCs, causes liver toxicity and causes chills. ________ ( _______ ) is used to interrupt replication of the fungae, killing off the infection.
This drug is used as a preventative measure when traveling to areas with high risk for malaria. It is taken before, during and after the trip.
chloroquine (aralen)
Mediterranean ethnicities w g6po deficiency may experience hemolytic crisis due to med.
avoid during pregnancy .
may cause psoriasis and RETINAL damage
How do we get Giardiasis ?
drinking infected water
Mebendazole (Vermox) is used to treat an infection caused by _________. It is also effective for pinworms.
STRICT HANDWASHING AND HYGIENE!!!!
helminths
The infection of helminths is in the intestines. chewable tablet that is unchanged in feces.
Vermox = vermin = pinworms and helminths
Metronidazole (Flagel) is used to treat _____ caused infections such as giardiasis.
protozoa
also used to treat H Pylori
(flagel - flagella - protozoa)
DO NOT USE IN HEPATIC DISEASE!
No alcohol!
can cause ataxia
Giardia can cause dysentery, which is what?
extreme/severe diarrhea
Pyrantal (Pin Rid/ Antiminth/PinX/Reeses) is used to treat?
Given in how many doses?
pinworms
one single dose
How do you get pinworms?
fecal oral route
Leucovorian is a protective agent. It is considered the antidote for methotrexate. What does it do?
it is active folic acid used to protect against bone marrow suppression caused by methotrexate.
Methotrexate is an immuno_______ used to treate RA. It replaces normal protein required for DNA and has anti-inflammatory properties
suppressant.
What is a problem of alkylyting agent such as cytoxan?
hemorrhagic cystitis leading to hematuria. Bladder pain/irritation. Damages DNA in cells.
Chlorambicil (Leukeran) is an alkylyting agent used to kill malignant cells. What are some nursing considerations
Check renal: BUN creatinine electrolytes
put patient in neutropenic (protective) isolation
use a soft toothbrush because of sever soreness in mouth
no IM or shaving
no food/flowers in room.
Zinecard protects against _____toxic drugs
cardiotoxic
zineCARD protects against CARDiotoxic drugs
____ is drawn 30 minutes before administration of the drug
______ is drawn when the concentration of the drug is expected to be highest (30 min after IV, 60 after IM, 1-2 hours after PO dose)
trough
peak
