Immune Drugs Flashcards
_________ causes local vasodilation, stimulates nerve endings to cause pain sensation (to alert that there is a problem), causes release of arachidonic acid.
bradykinin
The release of arachidonic acid causes release of autocoids:
______ blocks/adds to inflammation reaction
__________ causes vasodilation as well as blocks this reaction.
_______vasoconstricts and adds platelets
prostaglandin -
leukotrene
thromboxane
__________ are a white blood cell component that releases histamine and heparin. It initiates and maintains the immune/inflammatory response.
basophils
________ are the WBC that presents the antigen for inspection.
macrophages (first on the scene)
eat the invader. present proteins on the macrophage surface for T cell to inspect.
___ cells makes antibodies. They are called memory cells.
b (made in bone…b for bone)
________ is used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant (antiplatelet) and analgesic. It’s main adverse eeffect is ototoxicity and anemia (caused by stomach bleeding).
aspirin
Can be used to treat RA and OA. Avoid in renal deficiency.
Why should you avoid giving aspiring to children with a viral infection?
it can cause reyes syndrome
This NSAID is commonly used to decrease fever and treats mild to moderate pain. It does not interrupt the immune system. It can be used to treat gouty arthritis.
Ibuprofen
Like all NSAIDS beware of bleeding and liver damage.
Perform LFTs:
ALT/AST/ALP
PT/PTT
Bilirubin
administer with food/milk
Why should you avoid using ibuprofen when you have cardiac issues?
increases risk of MI by 50%
Gout is caused by a build up of ____ _____. Patients with gout should avoid food/drink containing ______. Some examples of food include organ meats, shellfish and sardines.
uric acid (which can lead to kidney stones and alkaline urine - monitor levels in urine)
purines
use uricosuric medication (alloPURINol)
encourage fluids
This drug is a SAID (Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug). It is used to treat asthma, addison’s disease, and head trauma by blocking the inflammatory response. It can also be used as an immunosuppressant (for transplants).
Prednisone
if immunosupresses, we must monitor for infection
Side effects of prednisone include ______glycemia, hirsutism (which is?).
hyperglycemia
hirsutism - abnormal growth of hair on a person’s face and body, especially on a woman.
What time should you give prednisone? How do you stop this drug?
give in the am
taper off
Other considerations: monitor blood sugar.
_________ acts on the thermoregulatory cells of the hypothalamus. It treats fever and pain, although it is not the go to for pain. It may be used as prophylactic for gets getting DPT vaccination. A safe dose is no more than 2500 mg.
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Can cause hemolytic anemia
oral anticoagulants + tylenol = increased risk for bleeding
T or F: Gold compounds are absorbed by macrophages resulting in inhibition of phagocytosis.
True
They have been pulled from the market per davisdrugguide.com
causes stomatitis, glossitis, gingivitis, dermatitis, bone marrow suppression
do not use in CHF, renal/liver impairment, diabetes,
Who should NOT receive vaccines?
immunocompromised, pregnant women, patients who received immunogobulin or blood in 3 months.
immune sera is a serum with special antibodies in it. It works as an anti-_______ and an anti-______. You should monitor the patient for at least one hour after administration.
anti-toxin
anti-venom
Immune modulators can change the immune function by increasing it or suppressing it. An example of a drug that STIMULATES the immune system is called ___________ ______ __.
How does it work?
Interferon Alfa-2B (Intron-A)
stimulates non invaded cells to produce antiviral.
It prevents tumor growth by preventing virus replication (it INTERFERES with virus replication).
Given IM or Subq
Interferon (Intron-A) is contraindicated in patients with _______ _____ ______ . Do not use in cardiac disease of CNS dysfunction or pregnant women because it is teratogenic.
bone marrow suppression
This medication causes myalgia/arthralgia, flu like symptoms and bone marrow suppression
___________ is a type of cell that helps communicate between leukocytes. It causes antibody formation.
interleukin
drug:
aldesLEUKIN (ProLEUKIN)
Aldesleukin (Proleukin), an immune stimulant, increases natural killer cells and lymphocytes which releases antibodies and/or signals T Cells. This drug inhibits tumor growth. It is sed to treat?
renal carcinoma, AIDS
It is teratogenic
Like interferon, it causes myalgia and arthalgia as well as bone marrow suppression.
Oprelvekin (Neumega) is used to prevent __________ after chemo treatment.
thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
________ ( _________ ) is used to suppress rejection of organs in transplants, especially heart transplants.It inhibits DNA synthesis.
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
THIS IS A DOUBLE CHECK MEDICATION!!!!
As with all immunisuppressants, there is an increased risk of infection. It may damage renal/liver, cause HTN/fatigue and flu like symptoms.
