Immune Drugs

Question 1

_________ causes local vasodilation, stimulates nerve endings to cause pain sensation (to alert that there is a problem), causes release of arachidonic acid.

Answer 1

bradykinin

Question 2

The release of arachidonic acid causes release of autocoids:

______ blocks/adds to inflammation reaction
__________ causes vasodilation as well as blocks this reaction.
_______vasoconstricts and adds platelets

Answer 2

prostaglandin -

leukotrene

thromboxane

Question 3

__________ are a white blood cell component that releases histamine and heparin. It initiates and maintains the immune/inflammatory response.

Answer 3

basophils

Question 4

________ are the WBC that presents the antigen for inspection.

Answer 4

macrophages (first on the scene)

eat the invader. present proteins on the macrophage surface for T cell to inspect.

Question 5

___ cells makes antibodies. They are called memory cells.

Answer 5

b (made in bone…b for bone)

Question 6

________ is used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant (antiplatelet) and analgesic. It’s main adverse eeffect is ototoxicity and anemia (caused by stomach bleeding).

Answer 6

aspirin

Can be used to treat RA and OA. Avoid in renal deficiency.

Question 7

Why should you avoid giving aspiring to children with a viral infection?

Answer 7

it can cause reyes syndrome

Question 8

This NSAID is commonly used to decrease fever and treats mild to moderate pain. It does not interrupt the immune system. It can be used to treat gouty arthritis.

Answer 8

Ibuprofen

Like all NSAIDS beware of bleeding and liver damage.

Perform LFTs:
ALT/AST/ALP
PT/PTT
Bilirubin

administer with food/milk

Question 9

Why should you avoid using ibuprofen when you have cardiac issues?

Answer 9

increases risk of MI by 50%

Question 10

Gout is caused by a build up of ____ _____. Patients with gout should avoid food/drink containing ______. Some examples of food include organ meats, shellfish and sardines.

Answer 10

uric acid (which can lead to kidney stones and alkaline urine - monitor levels in urine)

purines

use uricosuric medication (alloPURINol)

encourage fluids

Question 11

This drug is a SAID (Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug). It is used to treat asthma, addison’s disease, and head trauma by blocking the inflammatory response. It can also be used as an immunosuppressant (for transplants).

Answer 11

Prednisone

if immunosupresses, we must monitor for infection

Question 12

Side effects of prednisone include ______glycemia, hirsutism (which is?).

Answer 12

hyperglycemia

hirsutism - abnormal growth of hair on a person’s face and body, especially on a woman.

Question 13

What time should you give prednisone? How do you stop this drug?

Answer 13

give in the am

taper off

Other considerations: monitor blood sugar.

Question 14

_________ acts on the thermoregulatory cells of the hypothalamus. It treats fever and pain, although it is not the go to for pain. It may be used as prophylactic for gets getting DPT vaccination. A safe dose is no more than 2500 mg.

Answer 14

acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Can cause hemolytic anemia

oral anticoagulants + tylenol = increased risk for bleeding

Question 15

T or F: Gold compounds are absorbed by macrophages resulting in inhibition of phagocytosis.

Answer 15

True

They have been pulled from the market per davisdrugguide.com

causes stomatitis, glossitis, gingivitis, dermatitis, bone marrow suppression

do not use in CHF, renal/liver impairment, diabetes,

Question 16

Who should NOT receive vaccines?

Answer 16

immunocompromised, pregnant women, patients who received immunogobulin or blood in 3 months.

Question 17

immune sera is a serum with special antibodies in it. It works as an anti-_______ and an anti-______. You should monitor the patient for at least one hour after administration.

Answer 17

anti-toxin

anti-venom

Question 18

Immune modulators can change the immune function by increasing it or suppressing it. An example of a drug that STIMULATES the immune system is called ___________ ______ __.

How does it work?

Answer 18

Interferon Alfa-2B (Intron-A)

stimulates non invaded cells to produce antiviral.
It prevents tumor growth by preventing virus replication (it INTERFERES with virus replication).

Given IM or Subq

Question 19

Interferon (Intron-A) is contraindicated in patients with _______ _____ ______ . Do not use in cardiac disease of CNS dysfunction or pregnant women because it is teratogenic.

Answer 19

bone marrow suppression

This medication causes myalgia/arthralgia, flu like symptoms and bone marrow suppression

Question 20

___________ is a type of cell that helps communicate between leukocytes. It causes antibody formation.

Answer 20

interleukin

drug:

aldesLEUKIN (ProLEUKIN)

Question 21

Aldesleukin (Proleukin), an immune stimulant, increases natural killer cells and lymphocytes which releases antibodies and/or signals T Cells. This drug inhibits tumor growth. It is sed to treat?

Answer 21

renal carcinoma, AIDS

It is teratogenic

Like interferon, it causes myalgia and arthalgia as well as bone marrow suppression.

Question 22

Oprelvekin (Neumega) is used to prevent __________ after chemo treatment.

Answer 22

thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

Question 23

________ ( _________ ) is used to suppress rejection of organs in transplants, especially heart transplants.It inhibits DNA synthesis.

Answer 23

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

THIS IS A DOUBLE CHECK MEDICATION!!!!

As with all immunisuppressants, there is an increased risk of infection. It may damage renal/liver, cause HTN/fatigue and flu like symptoms.