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CIVE40010 - Energy and environmental engineering > Tidal Energy > Flashcards

Tidal Energy Flashcards

1
Q

How can a tide be described as?

A

The periodic vertical rise and fall of water in the oceans

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2
Q

What is tidal range?

A

The difference in sea level between high and low tide

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3
Q

What is a tidal current?

A

Tides are accompanied by an incoming (flood) or outgoing (ebb) horizontal flow of water

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4
Q

What is the reference point called that is used to measure tidal oscillations?

A

Mean Sea Level (MSL)

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5
Q

What causes the sea level oscillation over time?

A

The sea level oscillation is a superposition of the semi-diurnal cycle and the cycle of spring/neap tides

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6
Q

What drives the hydroelectric turbine?

A

The gravitational potential energy difference between the two bodies (sea and basin)

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7
Q

How is electricity generated from tidal range?

A

By capitalizing on the artificial height differential between two bodies of water created by a dam or barrier

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8
Q

Where are tidal currents typically accelerated?

A

headlands or through constrictions such as channels between islands

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9
Q

Where is the energy potential of tidal currents usually located?

A

Typically located in areas with the greatest tidal range; the higher the tidal range, the stronger the current.

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10
Q

What is the estimated technical potential of tidal energy?

A

438-876 TWh/year

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11
Q

What are the two forms of tidal range power plants?

A

Tidal barrage and tidal lagoon

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12
Q

What are the main components of a tidal range power plant?

A
  • Sluice gates
  • bulb turbines
  • impoundment
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13
Q

What is a tidal barrage and which power plant was the largest of its kind until 2014?

A
  • A tidal barrage is a structure that spans an entire river estuary in a straight line to generate electricity from tidal energy.
  • La Rance
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14
Q

What defines a tidal lagoon structure and what is an example of such a project?

A
  • A tidal lagoon is a structure that encloses an area of coastline with a high tidal range behind a breakwater.
  • Swansea Bay Lagoon Project
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15
Q

What are the different types of tidal stream devices classified by their working principle?

A
  • Horizontal-axis turbine
  • Vertical-axis turbine
  • Oscillating hydrofoil
  • Archimedes screw
  • Tidal kite
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16
Q

Can you give examples of vertical axis tidal turbines?

A

Examples include the Norront AS turbine and the GCK technology

17
Q

What is the advantage of a tidal kite?

A

The increased relative velocity felt by the turbine, unlocking energy potential at low-energy sites

18
Q

What is currently the largest planned tidal stream project in the world?

A

The MeyGen project in Pentland Firth

19
Q

List some environmental consequences of tidal energy schemes?

A
  • Ecosystem Alteration
  • Fish and Marine Mammal Impact
  • Sediment Transport
  • Habitat Loss
  • Noise and Visual Pollution
  • Chemical Leaks and Pollution
20
Q

How are tidal stream devices classified based on their location on the water column?

A

Tidal stream devices are classified as first or second generation, with first-generation devices usually being bottom-mounted and second-generation devices being either floating or bottom-mounted

21
Q

What design approaches have been taken to resist the forces on first-generation tidal stream turbines?

A

Use of heavy ballast blocks (800 to 1200 tonnes) to secure the turbines against strong ocean currents and forces.

22
Q

Why are first-generation tidal stream support structures considered expensive and limited?

A

Expensive due to the need for very large vessels for deployment, which can be costly per day, and they are limited to shallow sites

23
Q

What are the characteristics of first-generation support structures for horizontal-axis tidal turbines?

A

First-generation structures are designed to resist sliding due to turbine drag force and to resist bending moments due to vertical lever arms

24
Q

What are the key features of second-generation support structures for tidal stream devices?

A
  • Utilize buoyancy modules to support turbines
  • Use mooring systems that operate in tension rather than compression
  • Can be installed at an optimal position in the water column
25
Q

Why is energy storage increasingly critical as the renewables component in an energy system increases?

A
  • To manage the intermittency of renewable sources
  • stabilize the grid
  • perform load leveling
  • regulate frequency
  • enhance energy security
26
Q

What are the different forms in which energy can be stored?

A

chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and hydrogen forms,

CIVE40010 - Energy and environmental engineering (21 decks)

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