tid bits from renal 1 and 2

Question 1

Decrease in proteins = what GFR

Answer 1

increased

Question 2

Increase in hydrostatic pressure of bowmans space = what GFR

Answer 2

decreased

Question 3

oliguria

Answer 3

reduced urine output

Question 4

Anuria

Answer 4

no urine output

Question 5

azotemia

Answer 5

increase in creatinine and BUN WITHOUT symptoms

Question 6

Uremia

Answer 6

increase in creatinine and BUN WITH symptom

Question 7

GFR for stage one kidney disease

protein?

Answer 7

> 90

proteinuria

Question 8

GFR for stage two kidney disease?

symptoms?

Answer 8

60-90

no symptoms, azotemia, proteinuria

Question 9

GFR for stage three kidney disease

symptoms?

Answer 9

30-59

Fatigue, edema, changes in uruine color, pain in flank, HTN, puritis

Question 10

GFR for stage four kidney disease

Symptoms

Answer 10

15-29

Kidney failure

Nausea, vomitting, slowed thinking, neuropathy

Question 11

GFR for ESRD

symptoms

Answer 11

<15

oliguria, muscle cramps, changes in skin pigmentation

Question 12

how many americans does ESRD affect?

Answer 12

500,000

Question 13

Why anemia?

what % does it affect?

Answer 13

EPO is not produced: decreased RBC production, decreased oxygen carrying capacity and therefore fatigue

90%

Question 14

what accounts for 50% of deaths in ESRD?

common causes

Answer 14

CV disease

arrhythmia, CAD

Question 15

what are the two common cause of HTN in ESRD individuals

Answer 15

fluid retention

derranged RAAS

Question 16

Acidosis
Electrolyte imbalances 
Malnutrition 
Muscle wasting 
Neuropathy 

are what?

Answer 16

secondary effects of ESRD

Question 17

poor Ca reabsorption could be due to what two things

Answer 17

renal osteodystrophy

kidney is not reabsorbing calcium! the body needs it so the parathyroid horomone mobilizes Ca from bone into blood stream

decreased synthesis of vitamin D leading to a decrease absorption of Ca in GI tract

Question 18

What are 5 ways ESRD is medically managed

Answer 18

agressive BP control: diuretics, ACE inhibitors

Control of blood glucose

control of hyperlipidemia

EPO to stimulate RBC production

low protein diet: to limit accumulation of urea in blood stream

Question 19

how often do people get hemodialysis?

Answer 19

3x a week

Question 20

how many times peritoneal dialysis

Answer 20

multiple x a day but done at home

Question 21

what is the gold standard for ESRD treatment?

Answer 21

kidney transplant: longer 5 year survival rates than dialysis

Question 22

what is the main marker of renal function/

Answer 22

GFR

Question 23

how do we stage kidney disease?

Answer 23

GFR

Question 24

What is nephrolithiasis?

Answer 24

kidney stones

Question 25

What is this signs of

often asymptomatic
blood in urine
pain in back or sides

Answer 25

Cysts

Question 26

Polycystic kidney disease can lead to what?

Answer 26

ESRD

Question 27

Blood in urine
palpable mass in abdomen
pain in back/side
loss of appetite point to what?

Answer 27

CA: renal or bladder

Question 28

renal papillary necrosis and rental tuberculosis are what kind of renal and urinary problem?

Answer 28

upper UTI

Question 29

unilateral costovertebral tenderness is associated with what renal and urinary problem?

Answer 29

upper UTI

Question 30

pyuria definition

Answer 30

pus in urine: both upper and lower UTI

Question 31

upper urinary tract

Answer 31

ureter, kidney

Question 32

lower urinary tract

Answer 32

bladder, urethra

Question 33

nocturia is common symptom of what?

Answer 33

Upper UTI

Question 34

cystitis is what?

Answer 34

bladder infection associated with lower UTI

Question 35

urinary frequency
urinary urgency 
dysuria
dysparenunia
pelvic/abdominal pain 

are all signs of what

Answer 35

lower UTI

dysuria: pain peeing
Dyspareuia: painful intercourse

hematuria (blood in urine) and pyuria (pus in urine) are also symptoms

Question 36

what is dysuria?

Answer 36

painful urination