tid bits from renal 1 and 2 Flashcards
Decrease in proteins = what GFR
increased
Increase in hydrostatic pressure of bowmans space = what GFR
decreased
oliguria
reduced urine output
Anuria
no urine output
azotemia
increase in creatinine and BUN WITHOUT symptoms
Uremia
increase in creatinine and BUN WITH symptom
GFR for stage one kidney disease
protein?
> 90
proteinuria
GFR for stage two kidney disease?
symptoms?
60-90
no symptoms, azotemia, proteinuria
GFR for stage three kidney disease
symptoms?
30-59
Fatigue, edema, changes in uruine color, pain in flank, HTN, puritis
GFR for stage four kidney disease
Symptoms
15-29
Kidney failure
Nausea, vomitting, slowed thinking, neuropathy
GFR for ESRD
symptoms
<15
oliguria, muscle cramps, changes in skin pigmentation
how many americans does ESRD affect?
500,000
Why anemia?
what % does it affect?
EPO is not produced: decreased RBC production, decreased oxygen carrying capacity and therefore fatigue
90%
what accounts for 50% of deaths in ESRD?
common causes
CV disease
arrhythmia, CAD
what are the two common cause of HTN in ESRD individuals
fluid retention
derranged RAAS
Acidosis Electrolyte imbalances Malnutrition Muscle wasting Neuropathy
are what?
secondary effects of ESRD
poor Ca reabsorption could be due to what two things
renal osteodystrophy
kidney is not reabsorbing calcium! the body needs it so the parathyroid horomone mobilizes Ca from bone into blood stream
decreased synthesis of vitamin D leading to a decrease absorption of Ca in GI tract
What are 5 ways ESRD is medically managed
agressive BP control: diuretics, ACE inhibitors
Control of blood glucose
control of hyperlipidemia
EPO to stimulate RBC production
low protein diet: to limit accumulation of urea in blood stream
how often do people get hemodialysis?
3x a week
how many times peritoneal dialysis
multiple x a day but done at home
what is the gold standard for ESRD treatment?
kidney transplant: longer 5 year survival rates than dialysis
what is the main marker of renal function/
GFR
how do we stage kidney disease?
GFR
What is nephrolithiasis?
kidney stones
What is this signs of
often asymptomatic
blood in urine
pain in back or sides
Cysts
Polycystic kidney disease can lead to what?
ESRD
Blood in urine
palpable mass in abdomen
pain in back/side
loss of appetite point to what?
CA: renal or bladder
renal papillary necrosis and rental tuberculosis are what kind of renal and urinary problem?
upper UTI
unilateral costovertebral tenderness is associated with what renal and urinary problem?
upper UTI
pyuria definition
pus in urine: both upper and lower UTI
upper urinary tract
ureter, kidney
lower urinary tract
bladder, urethra
nocturia is common symptom of what?
Upper UTI
cystitis is what?
bladder infection associated with lower UTI
urinary frequency urinary urgency dysuria dysparenunia pelvic/abdominal pain
are all signs of what
lower UTI
dysuria: pain peeing
Dyspareuia: painful intercourse
hematuria (blood in urine) and pyuria (pus in urine) are also symptoms
what is dysuria?
painful urination
