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Microbiology > Tics And Things > Flashcards

Tics And Things Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Type of infection; Size; Shape; Colony; Growth

A
  • Upper respiratory infection
    • bronchitis
    • pneumonia
  • Smallest free-living organism (size and genome)
  • Many Shapes: LACK rigid cell wall
    • NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
  • Unusual colony morphology on agar plates
  • Fastidious
  • Very slow growing
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2
Q

Mycoplasma Cell Wall

A

Lacks rigid cell wall: NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN

  • instead 3 layered cell membrane
  • COMPLETELY RESISTANT TO PENICILLIN and other antibiotics that attack cell wall
  • Generally stains poorly or not at all
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3
Q

Mycoplasma: Major Antigenic Determinants

A

Membrane glycolipids and proteins (because lack cell wall!)

- antibodies to mycoplasma CROSS REACT WITH RBCs

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4
Q

Mycoplasma Fastidious: needs…

A

Cholesterol/sterol

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5
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and atypical (walking) pneumonia

General Information

A
  • Transmitted person-person via coughing (respiratory secretions)
  • Prominent in closed populations
  • Laboratory confirmation rarely obtained
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6
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia Virulence Factor

A

HIGH AFFINITY for RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL CELLS

  • attaches to cilia and leads to loss of function
  • critical for virulence
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7
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Atypical pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

SLOW ONSET AND COUGH

  • Incubation period 2-3 weeks (very long)
  • Typically a GRADUAL ONSET of fever, malaise, headache, COUGH
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8
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia High Risk Factor

A

Sickle-cell disease: leased to agglutinins and digital necrosis

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9
Q

M. Pneumonia Laboratory Diagnosis

A
  • Currently problematic because so slow
  • Often treat without diagnosis, which doesn’t help because could be treating for general instead of walking
  • PCR-based tests most specific and rapid
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10
Q

Spirochete

A
  • Don’t like to grow on cultures

- Coiled cell wall, motile, endoflagella, Gram -

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11
Q

Endoflagella

A

Found on Spirochetes; acts as cork screw to cell walls

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12
Q

How best to visualize Spirochete

A

Dark-field microscopy or immunofluorescent stains

- culturing very difficult

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13
Q

Spirochetes that cause Disease

A

BLT

Borrelia
- Lyme disease
- Relapsing fever
Leptospirosis
- Leptospirosis
Treponema
- Syphilis

Manifestations in stages if left untreated!

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14
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi vs Borrelia recurrentis

A

Burgdorferi: Lyme
Recurrentis: relapsing fever

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15
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Occurs in stages

  • Early: rash; disseminates
  • Later: heart; joins; skin; CNS
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16
Q 
Borrelia burgdorferi
(Transmission; Timing of Exposures)
A

LYME disease

  • transmitted by small deer tick: IXODES
  • most exposures from May-July: NYMPHAL STAGE: tics very aggressive

MOST COMMON VECTOR BORNE ILLNESS IN THE US AND EUROPE

17
Q

Ixodes

A

Tic that causes Lyme
- problematic because vector for many other pathogens so often confection; need to treat both (i.e. Lyme and babesiosis)!

18
Q

B. burgdorferi Virulence Factor

A

Surface exposed lipoproteins (OspA-F)

Bburg:OspA-f

19
Q

Clinical Characteristics of B. Burgdorferi

A

Lyme Disease
Multi-stage infection
- Early Infection Stage 1: localized infection
-slowly expanding ERYTHEMIA MIGRANS 7-10 days after tic bite
- Early Infection Stage 2: disseminated infection
- flu-like symptoms; skin lesions
- months later: pain in joints, bones, bursar, muscles and tendons
- Bell’s paisy
- Late Infection Stage 3: persistent infection (months-years after tick bite)
- chronic nervous system and joint involvement

20
Q

Lyme Disease Most Common Clinical Manifestations

A

EM (Erythema Migrans)>Arthritis>Bells paisy

21
Q

Lyme Disease Laboratory Diagnosis

A

Not perfect; suggests two-test serological approach
- deals with antigen antibody binding assay
Often simply assumed in presence of EM

22
Q

Borrelia Recurrentis

A

Relapsing Fever

  • epidemic (no longer seen): body lice
  • ENDEMIC: transmitted from soft body tick (diff than those from LYME)
    • rodents and small animals are reservoir
    • western US
23
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Relapsing Fever

A
  • sudden onset of fever with chills
    • lasts 3-6 days and ends abruptly
  • starts again 7-10 days later
24
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Primarily a disease of wild and domestic animals (dogs!)
- humans get infected through direct/indirect contact
- indirect contact most common: ingestion of contaminated food or water, mucosal membranes
- rapidly disseminates into blood stream
VIABLE FRESH WATER ONLY
- wide variation fo disease; multisystem disease with high mortality

25
Q

Treponema

A
  • Multi-system disease
  • Transmitted through sexual intercourse
  • Patient most infectious early in the disease
  • Active Lesions on fingers, breasts, lips, oral cavity, or genitals
  • can invade VIRTUALLY ANY ORGAN and CNS
26
Q

Clinical Characteristics of syphilis

A

STD divided into stages:

  • Primary: primary lesion occurring at inoculation site
    • heals spontaneous and without treatment
  • Secondary: disseminated stage: lesions anywhere on body
  • Latent: serologic test positive, but no clinical manifestation
  • Late (tertiary): slow progressing inflammatory disease affecting any organ
27
Q

Neurosyphilis

A

Symptoms range from subacute meningitis to mental deterioration

28
Q

Cardiovascular Syphilis

A

Leads to necrosis of aorta

29
Q

Gummatous Syphilis

A

Rare

Lesions in skin (painless) and bone (deep, gnawing pain)

30
Q

Congenital Syphilis

A

May result in fetal death and resulting miscarriag, or stillborn at term
Can appear in childhood as DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES
- Notched teeth
- Saber shins
- Secondary lesions on feet and face
- Saddle nose
- Large liver and spleen

31
Q

How is Syphilis spread during primary and secondary stages?

A

ANY PHYSICAL CONTACT because live bacteria are present

- sexual of non sexual

32
Q

Syphilis Diagnosis

A
  • Dark-field microscopy: primary, secondary, and congenital lesions
  • Serologic Tests
  • NONTREPONEMAL TESTS: rely on fortitudes observation that AB’s to a lipoid always antigen present in a wide array of host tissues are specifically generated upon syphilis infection
    • REAGIN
    • observing cross reaction isn’t he body
    • hemagglutination

Microbiology (7 decks)

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