Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Saprophytic

A
  • live off environment

- secrete enzymes which break down organic matter and use it for nourishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eukaryotic Fungi

A
  • membrane enclosed organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mycoses

A

Fungal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fungi Characteristics

A
  • thick rigid cell walls— set off INNATE immune system
  • potent immunogenicity; source of many allergies
  • main defense: neutrophils
  • divide via budding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fungi Cell Structure

A
  • Cell Wall
    • CHITIN
    • not affected by bacterial antibiotics (no peptidoglycan)
  • Membrane
    • Ergosterol instead of cholesterol
  • Antifungal therapies bind and disrupt fungal walls/membranes

Ergosterol and cholesterol are very similar— can cause toxicity in mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Molds Morphology

A
  • cells form hyphae
  • grow by elongation
    • cytoplasmic extension and branching
    • mitosis division without cell division/separation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Yeast Morphology

A
  • unicellular

- reproduce via budding (asymmetric division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mycelium

A

Mass of hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dimorphic Fungi

A

Mold and yeast
- yeast in tissue (37C)
- Mold culture (25C)
Conditions/enviroment dictate form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fungi Lifestyle

A
  • Sexual spores: meiosis— classification
    • ascus: primary means of species classification
    • haploid fuse to diploid
  • Asexual spores: mitosis— identification
    • budding: yeast
    • spore formation: molds
    • different types aid with ID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Asexual Spores

A
  • mitosis
  • thick walled
  • easily dispersed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conidia vs Sporangium

A

Conidia: spores made outside specialized cell

Sporangium: spores made within specialized sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fungi Laboratory ID

Dematiaceous vs Hyaline

A

CANNOT ID BASED ON CLINICAL PRESENTATION

  • SABORAUD agar
    • low pH inhibits bacteria; can add antibiotics
    • Dematiaceous (pigmented) vs Hyaline (colorless)
  • ID based on morphology of conidia
  • serology and immunoflourescence
  • treatment may depend more on the site of infection than on the species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At risk populations for fungal infections

A
  • medical procedures
  • medical/immunosuppressive therapies
  • disease conditions
  • lifestyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mycoses

A 
Fungal Disease
- most acquired form the environment
Most are NOT contagious
     - exception: dermatology test
- symptoms can overlap with other disease — difficult to diagnose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Difficult to treat fungal infections

A

Cells are similar to ours — drugs need to be very specific in order not to hurt the humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Superficial/Cutaneous Mycoses

A
  • outermost layers of skin, hair and nails
  • no invasion of deeper tissue
  • involve only the skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses

A
  • localized infections of deeper tissue

- no spread to distant sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Systemic Mycoses

A
  • start as local infection (often in lungs)

- spread elsewhere

20
Q

Opportunistic Mycoses

A
  • usually respiratory

- important in AIDS, transplants, immunosuppression, and chemotherapy

21
Q

Pityriasis Versicolor

A

Superficial mycoses

  • scaly patches of discolored skin
  • primarily ontorso and upper arms
  • diagnose via skin scraping
  • KOH/microscopic examination (KOH gets rid of our cells)
  • treatment: topical antifungals
22
Q

Piedra

A

Superficial Mycoses

  • fungal growth on hair shafts
  • can be visualized under UV lamp
  • environmental
  • treatment- shaving hair and topical antifungal
23
Q

Dermatophytes

A

CAN BE SPREAD THROUGH CONTACT

  • caused by Tinea
  • lesion with inflamed rim of active infection, central clearing
  • skin infections are prurience (itchy) and scaly)
  • depends of geographic location
  • source: soil, animals, humans
  • distinguished by micro- and macroconidia
  • more common in hot humid climate
24
Q

Tinea

A

LOVES KERATIN

  • causes dermatophytes
  • fungal infection of keratinized tissues
  • breaks in skin can lead to secondary bacterial infections
    • ONLY dangerous if breaks in skin
  • any site on body
25
Q 
Tinea corporis 
Tinea capitis
Tinea barbae
Tinea pedis
Tinea unguium
Tinea cruris
A 
Corporis: ring worm
Capitis: scalp
Barbae: beach
Pedis: athlete’s foot
Unguium: toenail
Cruris: jock itch
26
Q

Treatment of cutaneous mycoses
Tinea corporis and pedis
Tinea capitis and barbae
Tinea unguium

A

c&p: topical antifungals
c&b: systemic treatment (oral better)
u: topical or oral treatment depending on the severity

27
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

Deeper but local
- fungi introduced by local trauma
- exposure is often occupational
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenkii)

28
Q

Sporotrichosis

A 
Subcutaneous mycoses
“ROSE GARDENER’S DISEASE”
- puncture becomes granulomatous
- secondary lesions along draining lymphatic
- DIMORPHIC
     - yeast: tissue
     - mycelia form: culture
- SELF LIMITING
- can be persistent
- can become systemic in immunocompromised
- oral therapy
29
Q

Systemic Mycoses

A 
TRUE PATHOGENS: infect healthy people
- *endemic to specific areas*
- present in soil
- exposure often occupational
- infection initially in lung; can spread elsewhere
- most infections asymptomatic except in immunosuppressed
- can present like Tb
LITTLE TO NO HUMAN TRANSIMISSION
30
Q

Systemic Mycoses

A

Dimorphic

  • yeast in tissue
  • hyphae in culture
    • slow growing in culture
  • PCR of Immunocompromised assay for diagnosis
31
Q

Histoplasma

A

INTRACELLULAR PARASITE

  • spores in soil with bird droppings or bat guano
  • initial infection in lungs
  • most infected people have no symptoms
    • can be chronic or rarely fatal
  • ACTURE PULMONARY DISEASE but self-limiting
  • can present like Tb
  • immunodeficiency/immunocompromised
32
Q

Histoplasma Diagnosis and Treatment

A
  • from soil
  • slow to culture
  • Diagnosis: antigen detection in urine or serum
  • Treatment: only severe cases require oral anti-fungal
    OHIO and MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEYS
    (Central US)
33
Q

Blasotomyces

A 
Systemic mycoses
BLASTO: BROAD BASED BUDS
- approximately 50% show symptoms
- initially respiratory then spreads
- soil -> lungs
- germinate into THICK WALLED YEAST CELLS WITH UNIPOLAR BROAD BASED BUDS
34
Q

Blastomyces

Diagnosis and Treatment

A 
BLASTO: BROAD BASED BUDS 
Diagnosis- antigen test of culture
Treatment- oral anti-fungal, depending on severity
ID- culture and microscopy 
SOUTHEAST US and NORTH to CANADA
35
Q

Coccidioides

A

Systemic mycosis

  • spores inside break apart
  • enter lungs
  • fever with varying degrees of respiratory illness
  • GERMINATE- develop into large spherules filled with many spores
    • rupture releases endospores which spread in blood
  • bone, CNS (meningitis)
36
Q

Coccidioides

Diagnosis and Treatment

A
  • can infect laboratory personnel
  • Diagnosis: culture and serological tests
  • Treatment: usually self-limiting
    VALLEY FEVER: SOUTHWEST US, central and South America
37
Q

Paracoccidioides

A 
Systemic mycosis 
- lungs -> mucus membranes
- painful sores
- ID via conidia (slow growing)
- SHIP STEERING WHEEL: multiple buds
- affects males > females (estrogen inhibits?)
- Diagnose via microscopic examination
CENTRAL and SOUTH AMERICA
38
Q

Opportunistic Mycoses

A
  • rare in healthy
  • nosocomial infection
  • only induce disease in immunocompromised
  • can affect most organs of the body
39
Q

Candidiasis

A

Opportunistic Mycoses
YEAST
- produces budding yeast and elongated yeast (pseudohyphae)
- microbiota keeps in check
- most common nosocomial pathogen
- diagnosis and treatment depends on type of infection

40
Q

Oral Thrush

A

Candidiasis

  • raised white plaque in mouth
  • ulcer spread to throat/esophagus
41
Q

Vaginal candidiasis

A

Opportunistic

  • itching and burning
  • white discharge
42
Q

Systemic Candidiasis

A
  • can be life threatening

- GI, liver, kidney, and spleen

43
Q

Crypto coccus

A

Encapsulated!
- worldwide
- bird droppings
- thick polysaccharide capsule
- infections start in lungs, spread to brain or meninges
- cough, fever, chest pain, weight loss
Diagnosis: culture; latex agglutination test
Treatment: oral anti-fungal depending on severity
Small amount not immunocompromised

44
Q

Aspergillus

A
  • ubiquitous in environment
  • grows only as hyphae!
    • 45 DEGREE BRANCHING HYPHAE WITH SEPTA
45
Q

Aspergillosis

A
  • rarely pathogenic in normal patient: self limiting if not immunocompromised
  • mostly pulmonary (inhaled)
  • acute infection
    • severe, often fatal
    • infect lung -> brain, GI +
  • less severe pulmonary infection: fungus ball
    • mass of hyphae in lung cavities
    • aspergilloma
  • ID: hyphae mass
  • Diagnosis: culture/microscopy
  • Treatment: oral for invasive aspergillosis (high mortality)
46
Q

Pneumocystis

A
  • common in AIDS patients — major mortality for AIDS patients
  • most people exposed in childhood and have dormant cystis in lungs, only become problematic when become immunocompromised
  • infection = activation of dormant cysts in lungs — alveoli inflame -> blocks gas exchange
  • no person->person spread
  • NO ERGOSTEROL
  • FATAL if left untreated
  • Diagnosis: microscopic examination of lung fluid or tissue
    • IMPOSSIBILE TO CULTURE IN CLINICAL LABS
  • Treatment: oral; limited

Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions