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Microbiology > Non-Enteric Gram Negative Rods > Flashcards

Non-Enteric Gram Negative Rods Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Respiratory Pathogens

A
  • Haemophilus HUMANS ONLY
  • Bordetella HUMANS ONLY
  • Legionella ENVIRONMENT; H20
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2
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae

General & Growth Info

A
  • HUMANS ONLY
    Common upper respiratory tract (unencapsulated)
  • Fastidious: special growth requirements
    - NAD & hemin; blood agar
  • Slender Gram - Rod with many different shapes
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3
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

Virulence Factors

A
  • Capsule (type b vaccine Hib)
  • IgA protease
  • Iron acquisition mechanisms

Gram - Rod

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4
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

Clinical Manifestation

A

Gram - Rod

  • URT, middle ear, sinuses (sinusitis), and lungs
  • Otitis Media : common childhood illness
    - also found in S. Pneumonia and M. Catarrhalis
  • Epiglottitis: can be life threatening
  • Pneumonia
  • Meningitis
  • Septic arthritis
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5
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae disease; can be life threatening

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6
Q

IgA Protease

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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7
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

Treatment

A

Fairly susceptible to antibiotics; Hib conjugate vaccine

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8
Q

Bortadella pertussis

A
  • HUMANS ONLY
  • v. Tiny and fastidious; can only survive for short periods in environment
  • colonies on blood agar
  • ID via NAAT

Gram - Rod

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9
Q

Pertussis

A
  • highly infectious
  • 2 week incubation period
  • slow convalescence (4-6 weeks)
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10
Q

Bordetella pertussis

Virulence Factors

A

Adhesins: promote attachment and prevent clearance by phagocytes
- Filamentous hemagglutinin: binds integrins on ciliated epithel. cells
- Fimbriae: phase variation
- BrkA protein: complement resistance
Toxins: pair local clearance; systemic effects
- Tracheal cytotoxin: stimulates IL-1 mediated killing of ciliated epithel. cells
- Adenylate cyclase toxin: inhibits phagocyte function
- Pertussis toxin: systemic effects

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11
Q

BrkA protein

A

Bortadella pertussis
Complement resistance

Gram - Rod

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12
Q

Tracheal cytotoxin

A

Bordetella pertussis toxin (Gram - Rod)

Stimulates IL-2 mediated killing of ciliated epithelial cells

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13
Q

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin

A

Bordetella pertussis toxin (Gram - Rod)

Inhibits phagocyte function

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14
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

Bordetella pertussis toxin (Gram - Rod)

Systemic effects

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15
Q

Bordetella pertussis Prevention

A

DTwP vaccine

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16
Q

Legionella pneumonphila

A
  • ACQUIRED FROM ENVIRONMENT: H20 (aerosolized)
  • Highly fastidious: BCYE agar
    • buffer, charcoal, yeast extract, iron, cysteine, antibiotics
  • ID via PCR NAAT
17
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A
  • ENVIRONMENTAL: warm H20 (caught when aerosolized)
  • Multiplies in protozoan host
  • Multiplies in machrophages
    • actively blocks phagosome/lysosome function
  • Control growth via hypercholrination and high heat
18
Q

Zoonoses

A

Pathogens transmitted from animals; directly or by insect vector

  • Brucella
  • Paeseurella
  • Francisella
  • Yersinia
19
Q

Zoonotic bacteria

A
  • small Gram - Rods or Coccobacilli
  • Uncommon in US
  • Little to no human-human transmission
  • Multiply in phagocytes
  • May require “non-standard” antibiotics
  • Some highly virulent
  • Possible agents of bio-terrorism
20
Q

Brucella app.

Type; Source; Clinical Manifestation; Threat

A

Small Gram - coccobacillus
Source: Livestock, unpasteurized dairy
Clinical manifestation: Systemic febrile illness; variable symptoms
Poses significant threat to laboratory workers

21
Q

Pasteurella multocida

Type; Normal Flora; Clinical Manifestation; Progression Rate

A

Type: Small Gram - coccobacillus
Normal Flora: oral of domestic animals
Clinical Manifestation: “snuffles” in rabbits”; rapidly progressive soft tissue infec
Infection associated with animal bites (cats)

22
Q

Francisella tularensis

Type; Transmission; Infectious Dose

A

Type: Gram - coccobacillus
Transmission: from wild animals (rabbits) by direct contact or insect bites
Highly infectious with low infectious dose required
High risk to lab workers; little human-human passing
NAAT

23
Q

Francisella tularensis

Disease

A
  • Ulceroglandular
    • ulcer at site of inoculation; most common
  • Oculoglandular
    • eye is site of inoculation
  • Oral/pharyngeal
    • contaminated water
  • Respiratory infection
    • aerosol inhalation
24
Q

Yersinia pests

A

Cause of bubonic plague; Black Death
Transmitted from rodents to human by flea bite
- bacteria makes flea blood clot = regurgitation of blood from prior meal = infe

25
Q

Yersinia pestis

Diagnosis; Stain; Virulence; Clinical Manifestation

A 
Diagnosis: NAAT
Stain: Watson Stain
Virulence: 
     - phagocyte paralysis
     - iron acquisition
     - capsule
Clinical Manifestation: lymph nodes which become enlarged (buboes)
26
Q

Pneumonia Plague

Type; Drug Resistance; Where Found; How Survive

A
  • Gram - Rod; no color change on plate (doesn’t ferment)
  • V. Drug resistant
  • Ubiquitous in the environment: especially biofilms
  • Grow as colony working together to survive in harsh environments
27
Q

P. Aeruginosa

Virulence Factors

A
  • Extracellular Polysaccharide
  • Pili
  • LPS
  • Extracellular enzymes
  • Exotoxins A
  • Type III secretion system
  • Sidophores
    Aka basically EVERYTHING
    VERY ADAPTABLE
28
Q

P. Aeruginosa

Clinical Manifestation

A
  • Community acquired infections in immunocompetent people
    • Hot tub; otitis externa (ear infection)
  • Nosocomial Infections
    • burn victims; incubated patients
  • Cystic Fibrosis: chronic respiratory infection
29
Q

Extra-Intestinal Infections caused by E. coli

A
  • UTI

- Septicemia and Meningitis

30
Q

UTI
Uropathogenic E. Coli
Cystitis

A

URGENCY, FREQUENCY, DYSURIA
Culture to figure out how many bacteria because determines severity
ID with dispstick tests

31
Q

UTI
Uropathogenic E. coli
Pyleonephritis
Kidney Infection

A

P-fimbrae - bacteria that adhere to UT epithelium; causes

32
Q

Fimbrae

A

Pili

33
Q

P-fimbrae vs. S-fimbrae

A

P-fimbrae: Pyelonephritis (kidney infection): adheres to UT epithelium
S-fimbrae: Choroid Plexus (CNS): adheres to endothelium

34
Q

E. Coli K1

A

Neonatal infections

35
Q

K1 capsule

A

Polymer of skaldic acid

  • not immunogenicity; resembles host
  • does NOT activate complement
36
Q

Iron-Acquisition

A

helps with pathogen growth

Microbiology (7 decks)

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