Tics

Question 0

Term for copying the movements of others?

Answer 0

Echopraxia

Question 1

Term for production of obscene gestures?

Answer 1

Copropraxia

Question 2

Term for speaking obscene words?

Answer 2

Coprolalia

Question 3

Term for copying the words of others?

Answer 3

Echolalia

Question 4

Term for the repetition of the same phrase, word or syllable?

Answer 4

Palilalia

Question 5

Four primary tic disorders

Answer 5

1. Simple transient tics of childhood
2. Chronic tics of childhood
3. Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome
4. Adult-onset tourettism

Question 6

Idiopathic simple transient tics of childhood

Answer 6

Common self-limiting disorder, affecting 15% of school-age children.
More common in boys.
Sole clinical feature: single simple motor or vocal tic. Motor and vocal tics not seen together. Multiple tics not seen.
Last up to one year, often less.
Streptococcal infection precipitating factor.
Treatment: reassurance of parent and child.

Question 7

Idiopathic chronic motor or vocal tic disorder

Answer 7

Children with single simple motor or vocal tics that persist for longer than one year.
Consideration of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome as well as secondary causes.

Question 8

Adult-onset Tourettism

Answer 8

Many patients have had tics or ADHD in childhood and classified as having recurrence of typical childhood onset Tourettes syndrome.
Most of the remaining patients have secondary cause. Appropriate investigation important for any patient with adult-onset tics.
This leave a very small group who appear to have adult onset of clinically typically idiopathic Tourette’s syndrome. Management is as for childhood onset Tourette’s. Adult onset patients often have severe symptoms which can be refractory to treatment.

Question 9

Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome

Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder

Answer 9

Most disabling tic disorder, affecting 0.5-1% of the population under 18, and 0.3-0.5% of the adult population, reflecting that symptoms lesson or resolve in many patients as they age.
Males to female ratio 4:1. Onset before 18.
AD inheritance seen in some but no candidate genes identified. Anti-basal ganglia antibodies more common in TS (10-20%) than general pop (2-5%).
PET found hypo-metabolism in caudate in some.