Ticks (Small And Large Animals) Flashcards
What is the life cycle of the tick?
Egg —> larva —> nymph —> adult
What is the visual difference between the nymph and the adult tick?
Genital orifice (small dot on upper back)
Stages of the tick
- Engorged female
- Unfed larva
- Fed larva
- Unfed lymph
- Fed nymph
- Unfed adults
What are the 2 families of Ticks?
- Ioxididae (hard ticks)
- Argasidae (soft ticks)
What do Ioxididae (hard ticks) have?
- Capitulum (mouth): anterior of the body
- Scutum: hard shield
How does the scutum differ in males and females?
It covers the the whole dorsal side of males
It covers on half of the dorsal in females
What does argasidae (soft ticks) have?
- Capitulum: not protruding from the body, ventral side
- Soft leathery covering
What are the parts of the Capitulum in ticks?
Hypostome (teeth)
Chelicera/ae
Basis Capituli
How are ticks classified?
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: arachnada
Order: arthari
Family: argasidae and Ixodidae
What are the common ixodidae (hard) ticks?
Dermacentor
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
Ixodes
What are the common Argasidae (soft) ticks?
Argas
Otobius
Orinthodoros
Dermacentor Variabilis
American Dog Tick
East of the Rockies
3 Host tick
Causes rocky mountain spotted fever, tularemia and cyrauzoonosis
Dermacentor Andersoni
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
D: West of the Rockies
3 host tick
Anaplasma marginale (cattle)
Cytauxzoon Felis
Pathogenic protozoan for cats transmitted by ticks
Rhicephalus Sanguineus
Brown Dog Tick/ Kennel tick
Very common
Distribution: whole U.S.
3 host
Causes Ehrlichiosis, and babeiosis
Amblyomma Americanum
Lone star tick
D: Eastern southern U.S. and gulf coast area
3 host tick
Coxella burnetti (Q fever) –> exsaguination
Tularemia, Ehrlichiosis, Star 1, cytauxzoon
Ixodes scapularis
Black- legged Tick/ Deer Tick
D: Center to e. half of the country
3 host
Lyme disease
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (ruminants, rodents and humans)
Ixodes pacificus
Deer tick/ western black legged tick
D: west coast, California
3 host
Lyme disease
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (ruminants, rodents and humans)
Rhipicephalus (Boophlius) annulatus/ microplus
Texas Cattle Fever Tick
D: Mexico- Texas border
1 host (cattle)
Carries babesia bigemina
Otobius megnini
Spinose Ear Tick
D: SW and E U.S.
1 host soft tick
Inflammation of the ear, rupturing of eardrum in severe cases
Argus persicus
The Fowl Tick
Southern states (GA, FL, Mexican border)
Multiple host
Borrelia anserine (avian spirochetosis)
Tick paralysis in chickens
What are the direct effects of ticks?
Lesions
Blood Loss
Tick paralysis
Lesions
Site for introducing bacteria
Makes the animals susceptible to fly strike
Foreign body reaction
Blood loss
Exsanguination (animal will bleed out)
Anemia (animal losing blood and becoming weak)
Tick Paralysis
Amblyomma
Flaccid paralysis (complete paralysis)
Dermacentor Nitens
Tropical horse tick
D: FL, TX, southeastern area, and Caribbean
1 host tick
Babesia caballi (equine piroplasmosis)
What is Tularemia caused by?
Francisella tularensis (Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis)
What is Ehrlichiosis caused by?
Ehrlichia canis (Rhipicephalus sanguieus)
E. ewingi and E. chaffensis in (Amblyomma americanum)
What is Babeiosis caused by?
Babesia canis and B. gibsoni (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)
What is Cytauxzoonosis caused by?
Cytauxzoon felis (Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis)
What is lyme disease caused by?
Borrelia burgdorferi (ixodes scapularis)
