Flies Flashcards
What are the orders of flies?
Trichoptera
Diptera
Life cycles of flies
Egg —> larva —> pupa —> adult
General characteristics of Trichoptera
2 pairs of wings
3 pairs of legs
Distinct head, thorax, abdomen
How does Trichoptera interact with water?
Flies lay eggs near water
Larvae are aquatic
What are a species of trichoptera flies?
Caddisflies
How are Caddisflies vectors?
Neorickettsia ristici is a vector of Potomac Horse Fever
What are the general characteristics of Diptera?
1 pair of wings
3 pairs of legs
1 pair of compound eyes
Distinct head, thorax, and abdomen
How are the mouthparts of Diptera.
Piercing, lapping (sponging)m, combination, or non-functional
T/F: metamorphosis is complete in Diptera flies
TRUE
Where do flies lay eggs on?
Host
Water
Decaying organic marterial
Hairs
Open wounds on skin
In Diptera, what are the 3 main groups of flies?
Nematocera
Brachycera
Cyclorrapha
Nematocera
Culicidae (mosquitos)
Simulidae (black flies)
Ceratopogonidae (midges)
Psychodidae (Sandflies)
Brachycera
Tabanidae (horseflies and deer flies)
Cyclorrapha
Muscidae (houseflies)
Hippoboscidae (keds)
Sarcophagidae (flesh flies)
Calliphoridae (blowflies)
Oestridae (botflies)
Diptera flies as vectors
Some of these flies are important vectors:
Sandflies transmitting leishmania
Mosquito: transmitting dirofilaria
Myiasis- producing flies
Myiasis is the infestation of the organs and tissues of man or animals by fly maggots (larvae)
Any feed on living tissue or dead/necrotic tissue
Obligatory Myiasis
Dependent upon host, at least for a certain period of its life
Facultative myasis
Free- living maggots that adapt themselves to parasitic existence
Bot flies in horses
Gasterophilus intestinalis Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis (legs)
Gasterophilus nasalis (throat)
Bot flies in Cattle
Hypoderma bovis
Hypoderma lineatum
Bot flies in Ovine/Caprine
Oestrus ovis
Bot flies in rabbits
Cuterebra
Bot flies in deer
Cephenemiya
What are 5 general characteristics of bot flies in cattle and horses?
Nonfunctional mouth parts
Adults are bee-like and short-lived
Larvae located within the host
Pupa located beneath surface of the ground
Gasterophilus intestinalis distribution, common name, and egg location
Common horse bot
Throughout U.S.
Eggs on forelimbs and shoulders
Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae
L1 and L2 larvae migrate through tongue and interdental spaces
L3 larvae in stomach (margo plicatus)
Gasterophilus nasalis distribution, common name, and egg location
Throat bot
Rocky Mountain area of US
Under intermandibular region
Gasterophilus nasalis larvae
L1 and L2 larvae are in gum
L3 larva in ampulla of duodenum
Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis distribution, common name, and egg location
Nose bot
Northern part of the US to VA
around the hairs of the lips
Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis larvae
L1 and L2 in mouth
L3 larvae I’m stomach and reattach in the rectum
General pathogenesis of Gasterophilus
Inflammatory reaction as larvae migrate
Irritation at the site of attachment
May cause colic
Flies annoy host
Diagnosis of Gasterophilus
Finding eggs on the hairs of forelimbs, shoulders, lips, nasal and Mandibular area
Finding L3 larvae in feces
Endoscopy
Treatment of Gasterophilus
Macrocyclic lactones
Removal of eggs (fine tooth comb, grooming stone)
Hypoderma lineatum
Common name: common cattle grub
Distribution: universal
Location of eggs: hair on legs of cattle
Larvae: L1 in esophagus, L2 and L3 in subcutaneous tissue of back
General pathogenesis of Hypoderma
Inflammatory reaction as larvae migrate
Irritation at the site of migration
Ataxia, paralysis
Bloating (esophagus)
Damage to the hide
Flies annoy the host, causing gadding
Hypoderma diagnosis
Finding eggs on the hairs of the limbs
Finding warbles in the back
Treatment for Hypoderma
Macrocyclic lactones
Genera characteristics of bot flies in sheep/ goats
Nonfunctional mouth parts
Short-lived
Larvae located within the host
Pupa located beneath surface of the ground
General pathogenesis of oestrus ovis
Irritation of nasal passages
Nasal discharge
Erosion of nasal bones
Migrate to brain
Suffocation
False gid (head pressing)
Diagnosis of oestrus ovis
Finding larvae in nostrils
Treatment of oestrus ovis
macrocyclic lactones
