Tic disorders Flashcards
Characteristics of Tourette syndrome
Multiple motor tics
One or more vocal tics
Present for at least a year
Causing distress and impaired function
Never a tic-free period of more than three months
Timing of onset of vocal tics
Usually begin 1-2 years after initial motor tics
Ticks involving swear words
Coprolalia
Tics involving repeating someone else’s speech
Echolalia
Tics involving repeating the own person’s speech
Palilalia
Percentage of people with tics who have echolalia
10%
Percentage of people with tics who have coprolalia
33%
Medical condition thought to trigger a tic disorder in some cases
Group A beta haemolytic streptococcus
Percentage of children with Tourette’s syndrome who have ADHD
Up to 50%
Percentage of children with Tourette’s syndrome who have OCD
33-66%
Behavioural techniques used for tics
Relaxation
Exposure-response prevention
Massed practice (forced repetition of the tic)
Habit reversal using movements incompatible with the tic
Medications used to treat Tourette’s syndrome
Haloperidol
Pimozide
Sulpride
Risperidone
Clonidine
First line medication for Tourette’s syndrome
Clonidine
Main adverse effects of clonidine used to treat Tourette’s syndrome
Sedation
Postural hypotension
Timing of tics for a diagnosis of transient tic disorder
Single or multiple tics occurring multiple times a day
Tics lasting longer than 4 weeks but not as long as a year
