TIA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a TIA

A

temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that causes rapid onset of neurological deficit that lasts less than 24 hours

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2
Q

epidemiology of TIA

A

15% of first strokes are preceded by TIA
M > F
Black ethnicity is at greater risk due to their hypertension and atherosclerosis predisposition
20, 000 people have a TIA

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3
Q

Cause of TIA pathology

A

Cerebral ischaemia is a common cause causing lack of O2 and nutrients causing cerebral dysfunction
Short lived
Symptoms lasting max 5-15 mins after onset then resolves before cell death
Gradual progression of symptoms suggest different pathology

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4
Q

Causes of TIA

A

Artherothromboembolism
Small vessel occlusion
Cardioembolism
Hyperviscosity

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5
Q

Risk factors

A
Previous TIA
Age
Hypertension 
Smoking
Diabetes
Heart disease
Peripheral arterial disease
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6
Q

Symptoms of TIA

A

Sudden loss of function w complete recovery

Stroke symptoms FAST

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7
Q

90% of TIAs affect

A

Anterior circulation (carotid)
Contra lateral weak numb leg
Hemi sensory disturbance
Dysphasia inability to produce speech

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8
Q

10% of TIAs affect

A
Posterior circulation vertebasilar artery
Vertigo
Vomiting
Choking
Ataxia
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9
Q

Differential diagnosis

A
Impossible to differentiate from stoke until full recovery 
Hypoglycaemia
Labrynthine disorders
Mass lesions
Migranious aura
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10
Q

Measuring risk of stroke

A
ABCD^2 score
Risk score of stroke
A-age 1
B- blood pressure 1
C- clinical features - unilateral weakness 2 speech disturbance 1 
D-duration 60mins> 2 10-59 1
D-diabetes

High risk= AF, score of 4 or more, TIA more than one in a week or on anticoagulants

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11
Q

Investigations of TIA

A

MRI
Catatonic Doppler - stenosis
ECG
CT angiography- stenosis

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12
Q

Management of TIA

A
Modifiable -drinking smoking diet exercise 
Low risk- 
Specialist assessment w/in 7 days 
Start statin - simvastatin 40mg
Antiplatlet unless taking anticoagulant
-clopidogrel 300mg
Treat BP if raised
No driving 
High risk is same but within 24 hrs
Aspirin immediately for both
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