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Y2 ENDOCRINOLOGY > Thyroid Physiology > Flashcards

Thyroid Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

List the main thyroid hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

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2
Q

What chemical is the main “fuel source” of the thyroid?

A

Iodine

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3
Q

What happens to iodine once it is taken up by the follicle cells of the thyroid?

A

Combines with tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin to form MIT or DIT

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4
Q

Outline the composition of T3

A

MIT + DIT

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5
Q

Outline the composition of T4

A

DIT + DIT

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6
Q

T3 is the more abundant thyroid hormone. True/False?

A

False

T4 makes up 90% of thyroid hormones

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7
Q

Is T3 or T4 more biologically active?

A

T3

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8
Q

T4 is converted to T3 by the ____

A

Liver/ kidney

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9
Q

The unbound form of thyroid hormone is biologically inactive. True/False?

A

False

Unbound is active!

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10
Q

What are the 2 main types of cell found in the thyroid?

A

Follicular cells

Parafollicular C cells (larger cells, less numerous)

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11
Q

What is stored in the colloid of the thyroid?

A

Thyroglobulin

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12
Q

What do follicular cells secrete?

A

Thyroglobulin

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13
Q

T3 and T4 are hydrophobic. True/False?

A

True

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14
Q

What do parafollicular C cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

Name the process whereby the colloid increases levels of T3 and T4

A

Pinocytosis

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16
Q

List the main plasma proteins, which carry thyroid harmones, starting with the most abundant

A

Thyroxine binding globulin
Thryoxine binding prealbumin
Albumin

17
Q

List the processes affected by throid harmones

A 
Metabolism
Thermogenesis
Carb/ lipid/ protein metabolism
Growth
Development
Behaviour
Sympathetic action
Reproduction
18
Q

Which harmone is released from the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary? Which harmone is released from the anterior pituitary to stimulate the thyroid gland?

A

TRH

TSH

19
Q

Activation and deactivation of thyroid harmone is contralled by…

A

Deiodinase (types 1-3)

Y2 ENDOCRINOLOGY (19 decks)

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