Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 ENDOCRINOLOGY > Reproduction Physiology > Flashcards

Reproduction Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the earliest recognisable germ cell in females?

A

Primordial germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary oocytes are formed after the 1st mitotic division. True/False?

A

False

1st MEIOTIC division!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a polar body in oogenesis?

A

Small haploid cell formed during meiotic divisions that is not able to be fertilised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the presence of 2 polar bodies imply?

A

Completion of 2nd meiotic division

Entry of sperm into egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does the ovarian (menstrual) cycle normally last?

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Follicular/ proliferative phase
Ovulation
Luteal/secretory phase
Menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Maturation of ovum/preparation for ovulation
Granulosa cells around egg enlarge
Ovulation signals end of follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Post-ovulatory phase involving development of corpus luteum (granulosa cells turn yellow)
Preparation of reproductive tract for pregnancy if fertilisation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A

Layer of granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte that is capable of producing an ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a secondary follicle?

A

Differentiated follicle due to oocyte growth, resulting in some follicles undergoing ovulation (signalling end of follicular phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to follicular cells left behind that are not part of ovulation?

A

Undergo luteinisation - transform into the corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oestrogen is secreted in the follicular phase of menstruation; progesterone is secreted in the luteal phase. What is the importance of these hormones to the reproductive tract?

A

Prepare uterine lining for implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does the corpus luteum grow for following ovulation?

A

8-9 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If fertilisation does not occur, how long will the corpus luteum survive?

A

Survives no longer than 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The degeneration of the corpus luteum signals the start of the next follicular phase of menstruation. True/False?

A

True

17
Q

Which hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to act on the anterior pituitary in hormonal control of the ovaries?

A

GnRH type 1

18
Q

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary in the female gonadal axis?

A

LH

FSH

19
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Acts on ovary to stimulate production of follicles, and in turn stimulate oestradiol secretion

20
Q

What does LH do?

A

Acts on ovary to stimulate follicle maturation, ovulation and development of corpus luteum

21
Q

Describe levels of FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone during the follicular phase of menstruation

A 
FSH rises (to recruit follicles)
Oestrogen rises (as follicles develop)
Oestrogen stimulates LH rise
LH peak just before ovulation
Progesterone rise after ovulation
22
Q

What is the purpose of oestradiol?

A

Thickens endometrium

Thins cervical mucus

23
Q

Oestrogen suppresses FSH production. True/False?

A

True

24
Q

What are the 3 main clinical signs of detecting ovulation?

A

High progesterone at day 21
High LH spike
Increase in temp. by 1 degree

25
Q

How does the corpus luteum “know” if fertilisation has taken place?

A

hCG production by the embryo at 12 days - if this doesn’t occur, corpus luteum degenerates

26
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

Remnant/degenerated corpus luteum

27
Q

Outline the organisation of the testes

A 
Sertoli cells (support germ cells)
Germ cells (sperm production)
28
Q

What is the function of the acrosome of sperm?

A

Protein for digesting the zona pellucida of the egg

29
Q

State the site of fertilisation

A

Ampulla of the uterine tube

30
Q

State the site of implantation

A

Uterine wall of the uterine cavity

31
Q

What is the function of capacitation?

A

Removal of glycoprotein membrane layer which makes receptors available

32
Q

Receptors around the egg accept sperm that follow a concentration gradient to reach the egg. What is this process called?

A

Chemotaxis

33
Q

What is the purpose of the zona reaction, once sperm enter the egg?

A

Prevents polyspermy

Y2 ENDOCRINOLOGY (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions