Thyroid Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid hormones are best absorbed by the _____________.

A

ileum

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2
Q

Levothyroxine should be taken on a(n) ______________.

A

empty stomach

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3
Q

What impairs the absorption of levothyroxine?

A

Metal cations

Ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

The activating deiodinases are inhibited by _______________.

A

glucocorticoids, beta-blockers, amiodarone, caloric deprivation, and chronic illness

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5
Q

T4 requires ___________ to become effective.

A

6-8 weeks

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6
Q

Be careful giving T4 to those with ____________.

A

underlying cardiac illness

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7
Q

Why is it necessary to give increased doses of T4 to pregnant women?

A

Because the excess estrogen induces greater thyroid-binding globulin and excess metabolism of thyroxine

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8
Q

If you give a large dose of thyroxine to someone having a thyroid crisis, what else do you need to give?

A

Corticosteroids to prevent adrenal insufficiency

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9
Q

There is no evidence to support that the brand name of thyroxine ____________.

A

is superior

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10
Q

The pharmaceutic name for triiodothyronine is ____________.

A

liothyroxine

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11
Q

Which has better bioavailability, T3 or T4?

A

T3

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12
Q

Why is T3 more potent than T4?

A

It has a higher affinity for thyroid-hormone receptors.

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13
Q

How do methimazole and propylthiouracil work?

A

They inhibit thyroid peroxidase, specifically where it organifies iodide.

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14
Q

What can lead to permanent destruction of the thyroid?

A

I(131) –radioactive iodide

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15
Q

Which thyroid peroxidase inhibitor is best for pregnant women?

A

Propylthiouracil (Pregnancy = Propylthiouracil)

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16
Q

Doctors occasionally give __________ before administering radioactive iodine.

A

TSH

17
Q

What causes unbinding from TBG?

A

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Furosemide
Glucocorticoids

18
Q

What drugs can cause euthyroid sick syndrome?

A

Beta-blockers
Amiodarone
PTU
Glucocorticoids

19
Q

The other name for T3 is _____________.

A

liothyronine

20
Q

Methimazole is generally the preferred medication because of lack of ______________.

A

hepatotoxicity, efficacy at lower doses, and once-daily dosing

21
Q

_________, which rises in pregnancy, stimulates production of TBG.

A

Estrogen

22
Q

Remember that methimazoles and thionamides are only for hyperthyroidisms from excess _____________.

A

production, not release

23
Q

The most dangerous side effect of methimazole and PTU is _____________.

A

agranulocytosis

24
Q

What is SSKI?

A

Super-saturated potassium iodide

This is only used in thyroid storms.