Dietary Calcium

Question 1

You require at least __________ of calcium per day.

Answer 1

100 mg

Question 2

What mineral is in bone?

Answer 2

Calcium hydroxyapatite

Question 3

Calcium is absorbed by two ways: ___________________.

Answer 3

• passive absorption (simple diffusion through or around cell)
• active absorption (pumps dependent on ATP)

Question 4

Vitamin D binds to _________________.

Answer 4

nuclear transcription factors to upregulate the expression of the active absorption proteins

Question 5

What nutritional things enhance the absorption of calcium?

Answer 5

Lactose, acidity, and protein

Question 6

What things impair calcium absorption?

Answer 6

Vitamin D deficiency and steatorrhea

Question 7

What nutritional things impair the absorption of calcium?

Answer 7

Alkalinity, oxalic acid, phytic acid, and caffeine

Question 8

Most of the fetal calcium is taken up in the ______________.

Answer 8

third trimester (80%), meaning kids born prematurely will likely be calcium-deficient

Question 9

The Framingham study followed ________________.

Answer 9

kids from age 3 to 13

Question 10

What did the Framingham study show?

Answer 10

Kids with high dairy and meat intake had the highest bone mineral content.

Question 11

Research has shown that girls can have as much as ___________ mg of calcium deposition per day.

Answer 11

2,000 mg

Question 12

What happens to calcium absorption during pregnancy?

Answer 12

It doubles.

Question 13

Other than milk, what foods are helpful in attaining calcium?

Answer 13

Fortified juice
Tofu
Kale
Broccoli

Question 14

Calcium __________ is best absorbed with meals, whlie calcium ____________ is best absorbed between meals.

Answer 14

carbonate; citrate

Question 15

What four groups are most at risk of being calcium/vitamin D deficient?

Answer 15

Adolescent females
Premature infants
Perimenopausal women
Post-bariatric surgical patients

Question 16

Active calcium absorption occurs in the _______________, while passive absorption occurs in ____________.

Answer 16

duodenum; the entire small intestine

Question 17

BMC is primarily controlled by ___________.

Answer 17

genetics (70%)

Question 18

The DASH diet was found to decrease ________________.

Answer 18

bone resorption

Question 19

In addition to increasing GI absorption of calcium, vitamin D also ______________.

Answer 19

decreases urinary excretion

Question 20

Under decreased intake or increased need, calcium absorption can increase up to ______.

Answer 20

37%

Question 21

What happens to the bones during lactation?

Answer 21

Some bone mass is lost, but the lost amount is typically regained after weaning.

Question 22

What is the RDA range for calcium?

Answer 22

700 mg (toddlers) to 1,300 mg (adolescents) per day

Question 23

True or false: the daily recommended intake increases during pregnancy.

Answer 23

False. The body can compensate.

Question 24

Which race/ethnicity has the highest rate of osteoporosis?

Answer 24

Hispanic

Question 25

The best predictor of BMD is ______.

Answer 25

age

Question 26

What is the general consensus for calcium supplementation?

Answer 26

It can have a small effect for those at risk, but also has risk of toxicity.