Thyroid gland COPIED Flashcards
What is pretibial myxoedema associated with (in 1-5% of cases)
Graves’ dermopathies.
What condition could give you this?
Vitiligo often seen in autoimmune endocrine diseases; in particular primary hypothyroidism
Which endocrine conditions are autoimmune?
Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency)
Graves’ disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Grave’s disease tx?
Methimazole
PTU (propyl thiouracil)
radioiodine
surgery
How is Hashimoto’s disease diagnosed?
- detecting elevated levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in the serum, but seronegative (without circulating autoantibodies) thyroiditis is also possible.
- Often misdiagnosed as depression
Which thyroid autoantibodies will differentiate Grave’s disease from other forms of hyperthyroidism?
TRAb in serum
and
orbitopathy
Lab findings with Grave’s disease
What condition do you see this with?
Grave’s disease
- inflammation
- induration
- erythema
- incidence 1-5%
What’s the most common cause of underactive thyroid gland?
autoimmune; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
(T cell-mediated disease)
Which AF drug can cause thyrotoxicosis?
amiodarone
MOA of propylthiouracil (PTU)?
works outside of the thyroid gland, preventing conversion of (mostly inactive form) T4 to T3
Which drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism?
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
Propranolol (for symptoms of anxiety, palpitations, tremor, heat intolerance). Also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4-T3
MOA of carbimazole
Carbimazole is a pro-drug; it is converted to the active form, methimazole.
Methimazole prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine).
Rashes/ pruritus are common.
Serious side effect; bone marrow suppression. AGRANULOCYTOSIS. Monitor
