General endocrine questions - COPIED Flashcards
Which conditions do you find Mallory bodies?
Alcoholic liver disease
WIlson’s disease
PBC (primary biliary cirrhosis)
Which AF drug can cause thyrotoxicosis?
amiodarone
Which drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism?
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
Propranolol (for symptoms of anxiety, palpitations, tremor, heat intolerance)
MOA of propylthiouracil?
works outside of the thyroid gland, preventing conversion of (mostly inactive form) T4 to T3
Clinical features of HCC
Ache in right hypochrondrial area
tender nodular liver on palpation
rapid onset with cirrhosis px
weight loss, anorexia, fever
Addison’s disease
autoimmunal destruction of adrenal tissue.
Can present as an ‘adrenal crisis’
Largest cause of adrenal insufficiency in the west.
Cholangitis
stone obstructing the common bile duct
causing intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Acromegaly
Excess GH.
In more than 95% of cases the excess production is due to a benign tumor, known as a pituitary adenoma.
cholecystitis
a stone in the cystic duct
obstructing the GB which leads to infection.
Addison’s signs
After HCC, which is the second most common cancer of the liver?
secondary metastatic tumours.
Particularly from:
GI tract (via portal blood supply)
Breast
Bronchus
MOA of carbimazole
Carbimazole is a pro-drug; it is converted to the active form, methimazole.
Methimazole prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine).
Rashes/ pruritus are common.
Serious side effect; bones marrow suppression.
Which patients are at risk of developing HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma)?
Carriers of HBV and HCV
cirrhosis patients
Pancreatitis
stones in the common bile duct or the ampulla of Vater causing obstruction and cholangitis and pancreatitis.
symptoms of Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency)
- aldosterone
- corticol
which hormones, which layer of the adrenal gland?
