hypoglycaemia

Question 2

What are the EM physiological side effects of NO insulin causing hypoglycaemia? (3)

Answer 2

>>> sugar in blood, none in cells.

Breakdown of fats and proteins; ketones and acidosis

leads to dehydration, Potassium loss and acidosis.

Dehydration because water follows excretion of sugar (osmotic diuresis)

Question 3

what could be triggers for hypoglycaemia attacks?

Answer 3

infections; UTI, pneumonia

physiological stressors including cold, status epilepticus.

Question 4

Symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 4

confusion, sweating, fatigue and feeling dizzy.

maybe pale, weak, blurred vision, tachycardia, unconsciousness

Question 5

EM tx of hypoglycaemia

Answer 5

50ml of glucose 50% if IV access available.

otherwise 1 mg glucagon

(as PAs 10% glucose IV okay)

non-emergency; dextrose, then more complex carbohydrates.

Question 6

What factors cause cause a hypoglycaemic attack?

Answer 6

Too high a dose of medication (insulin or hypo causing tablets)

Delayed meals

Exercise

Alcohol