Thyroid examination/Endocrine Flashcards
Endocrine differentials: Tiredness (4)
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
DM
Hypopituitarism
Endocrine differentials: weight gain (3)
Hypothyroidism
PCOS
Cushing’s syndrome (excessive ACTH - stimulates adrenal cortex - high levels of cortisol)
Endocrine differentials: weight loss (4)
Hyperthyroidism
DM
adrenal insuff.
Endocrine differentials: Diarrhoea (3)
Hyperthyroidism
gastrin-producing tumour
carcinoid
Endocrine differentials: diffuse neck swelling (3)
Simple goitre
Grave’s disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism)
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (autoimmune, destroys thyroid gland, hypothyroidism)
Endocrine differentials: polyuria and polydipsia (4)
DM
Diabetes insipidus (Anti-diuretic hormone not working correctly)
Hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid gland - increase PTH secretion, blood calcium rises)
Conn’s syndrome (too much aldosterone - increases blood presure)
Endocrine differentials: Hirsutism (4)
Unwanted male pattern hair growth
Idiopathic
PCOS
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Cushing’s syndrome
Endocrine differentials: ‘Funny turns’ or spells (3)
Hypoglycaemia
Phaeochromocytoma (tumour of adrenal gland - too much epinephrine and norepinephrine)
neuroendocrine tumour
Endocrine differentials: Sweating (4)
Hyperthyroidism
hypogonadism
acromegaly
phaeochromocytoma
Endocrine differentials: Flushing (2)
Hypogonadism (especially menopause)
Carcinoid syndrome (paraneoplastic syndrome compremising of S+S that occur 2ndary to Tumors eg. diarrhoea and flushing)
Endocrine differentials: Resistant hypertension (4)
Conn’s syndrome (too much aldosterone)
Cushing’s syndrome (Excessive ACTH-Cortisol)
Phaeochromocytoma (Tumour of adrenal glands - too much adrenaline/noradrenaline)
Acromegaly (increased GH)
Endocrine differentials: Amenorrhoea/ oligomenorrhoea (3)
(no periods/ infrequent periods)
PCOS
Hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin)
thyroid dysfunction
Endocrine differentials: Erectile dysfunction (4)
Primary or secondary hypogonadism
DM
non-endocrine systemic disease
medication-induced eg beta-blocker, opiates
Endocrine differentials: Muscle weakness (4)
Cushing’s syndrome (raised ATH - high cortisol)
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteomalacia (softening of bones)
Endocrine differentials: Bone fragility and fractures (4)
Hypogonadism
hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s syndrome
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroidism (9+)
Fatigue, poor sleep
Tremor, heat intolerance, XS sweating
Pruritus (itch)
Onycholysis (loosening of nail from nail bed)
Hair loss
irritable, anxiety, emotional lability
dyspnoea, palpitations, ankle swelling
weight loss, diarrhoea
Proximal muscle weakness
Oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea
eye symptoms: grittiness, tearing, eyelid swelling, blurred vision)
