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Clinical Skills > Thyroid examination > Flashcards

Thyroid examination Flashcards

1
Q

What is acropachy?

A

A form of nail clubbing specific to thyroid condition

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2
Q

Define atrial fibrillation

A

Rapid irregular heart beat where clots are likely to be created

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3
Q

Define bradycardia

A

HR <60bpm

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4
Q

Define bruit

A

aberrant blood flow in the arterial vasculature

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5
Q

What is exophthalmia?

A

eye protuberance

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6
Q

What is goitre?

A

swelling of the neck associated with thyroid conditions

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7
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

heavy menstrual flow

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8
Q

what is oligomenorrhea?

A

sparse flow during menstruation

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9
Q

Define proptosis

A

exophthalamia

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10
Q

Define tachycardia

A

HR >100bpm

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11
Q

What is a thyroglossal cyst?

A

Smooth fibrous cyst or lump derived from tissue left over from the formation of the thyroid gland’s development. It is located in the midline of the neck

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12
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

The anterior surface of the trachea, inferior to the thyroid cartilage

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13
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

A

Tri-iodothyronine T3
Thyroxine T4
Calcitonin

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14
Q

What is the function of T3?

A

Increases the body’s BMR

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15
Q

What is the function of T4?

A

a role in the regulation of basal metabolic function including that of the heart and muscles

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16
Q

How is T3 produced?

A

De-iodination of T4

17
Q

How is the thyroid gland stimulated to secrete hormones?

A

The hypothalamus releases thyroid releasing hormone, TRH, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH which activates the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4

18
Q

When is the thyroid stimulated to release hormones?

A

When the levels of T3 and T4 decrease as a result of iodine absorption from the diet

19
Q

What is the function of calcitonin after release from the thyroid gland?

A

reducing calcium levels in the blood

20
Q

What two molecules are combined to produce T3 and T4?

A

Tyrosine and iodine

21
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located and what is their function?

A

In the thyroid gland and release parathyroid hormone which increases calcium levels in the blood

22
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there typically?

A

4

23
Q

Where does the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland go?

A

Deep anterior cervical lymph nodes

24
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

weight gain, hair loss, constipation, intolerance of cold, lethargy, dry skin , carpal tunnel syndrome

25
Q

What are some symptoms or hyperthyroidism?

A

weight loss, increased appetite, intolerance of heat, sweating, palpitations, nervousness, tremor, acropachy, exophthalmia

26
Q

Why would you need to percuss the manubrium when examining the thyroid?

A

If it has swollen inferiorly

27
Q

How can you differentiate between a thyroid swelling and a non-thyroid swelling?

A

Ask the pt to swallow some water

28
Q

How can you differentiate between a thyroid swelling and a thyroglossal cyst?

A

Ask the pt to stick there tongue out, a thyroglossal cyst will rise but a thyroid swelling will not

29
Q

What is Pemberton’s test?

A

It is a test used to determine the presence of a thyroid mass that has progressed into the thoracic cavity

If you ask the pt to raise their arms above there head and a thyroid mass is present in the thoracic cavity it will block the thoracic outlet and the pts face will flush

30
Q

What is the thoracic outlet?

A

the opening at the top of the thorax where vessels and organs exit or enter the thoracic cavity

31
Q

When would you expect to hear aberrant blood flow on auscultation over the manubrium sternum?

A

If you have had a positive Pemberton’s test and you suspect a thyroid mass has grown into the thoracic cavity

32
Q

What is pretibial myxoedema?

A

A waxy orange appearance of the skin usually on the anterior surface of the lower legs and dorsum of the feet

Clinical Skills (4 decks)

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