Lymph Node Exam

Question 1

Define chyle

Answer 1

Lymphatic fluid - milky white in colour

Question 2

What are glands?

Answer 2

Lymph nodes

Question 3

Define Lymphadenitis

Answer 3

Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type

Question 4

What is Lymphadenopathy ?

Answer 4

enlargement of the lymph nodes that occurs secondary to infection, malignancy or autoimmune disease - there a 3 subtypes

Question 5

Define lymphoedema

Answer 5

a chronic condition which causes swelling in the body’s tissues secondary to obstruction of lymphatic drainage

Question 6

What cells are stored in the lymph nodes?

Answer 6

Lymphocytes - B and T cells

Question 7

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

Answer 7

filtering foreign particles to present them to the lymphocytes and mount an appropriate immune response

Question 8

What is a sentinel lymph node?

Answer 8

the sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes to becomes involved

Question 9

Where do the lymph nodes drain to?

Answer 9

The right lymphatic duct drains the lymph from the right upper limb, right side of thorax and right halves of head and neck

The thoracic duct drains lymph from the rest of the body

Question 10

Define Virchow’s LN/Troisier’s sign

Answer 10

Virchow’s node is a swollen lymph node in the medial aspect of the left suprascapular area and Troisier’s sign is when there is an appreciable mass of Virchow’s lymph node.

They both indicate metastatic disease of the upper abdomen and thorax amongst other
conditions

Question 11

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 11

• Movement of fluid to avoid fluid build up
• Filter fluid before it is returned to circulation
• Phagocytosis of dead/foreign cells
• Production/maturation or lymphocytes
• Production of antibodies
• Absorption of fat soluble substances

Question 12

What lymph nodes should be examined during a breast examination?

Answer 12

Axillary, supra and infra clavicular

Question 13

What lymph nodes should be examined during an abdominal examination?

Answer 13

Deep and Superficial cervical, supra and infra
clavicular, axillary and Inguinal.

Head and neck LN should also be considered it upper GI tract is involved.

Question 14

What lymph nodes should be examined during a respiratory examination?

Answer 14

Head and neck (except occipital & deep cervical), axillary, supra and infra clavicular

Question 15

What lymph nodes should be examined during a genital examination?

Answer 15

deep and superficial inguinal

Question 16

Identify the LN located under the tip of the chin

Answer 16

Submental

Question 17

Identify the LN located under mandible

Answer 17

submandibular

Question 18

Identify the LN located towards the back of the mandible, at the angle of the jaw

Answer 18

tonsillar or jugulo-digastric

Question 19

Identify the LNs located anterior and posterior to the ear

Answer 19

preauricular, anterior to the tragus, and postauricular, over the mastoid process

Question 20

Identify the LN located at the base of the back of the head

Answer 20

occipital

Question 21

Identify the LNs of the neck

Answer 21

Superficial cervical, deep cervical and posterior cervical

Superficial cervical along the body of the sternocleidomastoid
Deep cervical deep to the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid
Posterior cervical run along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle

Question 22

Identify the LNs located above superior and inferior to the clavical

Answer 22

Supraclavicular at the lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid in the supraclavicular fossa
Infraclavicular lie along the inferior border of the clavicle

Question 23

What tissue trains into the axillary nodes?

Answer 23

The breast. the superficial surface of the chest wall and the upper limb

Question 24

Name the axillary node groups.

Answer 24

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Medial
Apical

Question 25

Where are the epitrochlear nodes located

Answer 25

The medial aspect of the upper arm proximal from the antecubital fossa