Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

endocrinology > Thyroid disorders > Flashcards

Thyroid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

parathyroid hormone role in response to low calcium

A

Decrease renal calcium excretion
increases bone resorption
Enhancing dietary calcium absorption by stimulating the production of calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is parathyroid hormone important in relation to ca2+

A

functioning of nerves and muscles
To avoid cardiac dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypoparathyroidism syndromes

A

Di George
HDR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of hypoparathyroidism

A

Surgical
Radiation
Syndromes
Autoimmune
Infiltration
Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is pseudoparathyroidism

A

Resistance to parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hypoparathyroidism

A

Rare but when the parathyroid gland does not produce enough PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcaemia

A

Thirst
Polyuria
Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consequences of hyperparathyroidism

A

Osteoporosis
Kidney stones
Psychic groans
Abdom moans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define hyperthryoidsm

A

excess of thyroid hormones in blood ie T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathophysiollgy for hyperthyroidism

A

high T3 /T4 low TSH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 mechanisms for increased levels of thryoid

A

. overproduction thyroid hormone
b. leakage of preformed hormone from
thyroid
c. ingestion of excess thyroid hormon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

graves disease
toxic multinodular goitre
toxic adenoma- one nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what thyroid issue tends to occur after an infection

A

subacute thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

drug induced mechanisms of hyperthyroidism

A

iodine
amiodarone
lithium
radiocontrast agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

universal clinical features of hyperthyroidism

A

Weight loss
tachycardia
anxiety
tremor
diarrohoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does exopthalmos describe

A

the bulging the eyeball in thyroid disease

due to inflammation, swelling and hypertrophy of the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does pretibial myxoedema describe

A

deposits of mucin under the skin , discoloured waxy oedematous

normally on legs - specific to graves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is pretibial myxoedema caused by

A

reaction of tissue to TSH antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

signs of graves disease

A

diffuse goitre
thyroid eye disease
pretibial myxoedema
acropachy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pathophysiology of graves disease

A

IgG autoantibodies bind to TSH receptors to increase T4/T3 production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

investigations for graves disease

A

-thyroid function tests
TPO-Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment for graves disease

A

1 carbamizole
2 propylthiouracil
Radioactive iodine
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what would patients with toxic multinodular goitre look like

A

the neck would be swollen and firm
above 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define de quervans thyroiditis

A

subacute granulmatous thyroiditis is a self limited inflammation of the thyroid gland
rapid swelling of the thyroid gland resulting in pain and discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is de quervans thyroiditis usually caused by

A

a viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what would a patient with de quervans show

A

fever
neck pain
dysphagia
Goitre with nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

treatment for de quervans thyroiditis

A

hyper thyroid phase- NSAIDS and corticosteroids
hypothyroid phase- normally no treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

four types of thyroid cancer that cause 98% of thyroid cancers

A

papillary, follicular, anaplastic, medullary

29
Q

causes of thyroid cancer

A

genetic alteration and mutations

30
Q

presentation of thyroid cancer

A

palpable thyroid nodule

31
Q

first line investigation and treatment for thyroid cancer

A

1st line- ULtrasound scan of neck
treatment- thyroidectomy, followed by radioactive iodine ablation and suppression of TSH

32
Q

investigations of hyperthyroidism

A

-1st line= thryoid function tests to comfirm biochemical hyperthyroidism
- clinical history , physical signs usually enough

33
Q

eye symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

eyelids retracted
eye bulging
swelling below eyebrow

34
Q

why does thyroid associated opthamology complications occur

A

swelling on extraocular muscle

35
Q

what does the thryoid function test indicate

A

primary would show increase T4 and supressed tsh AND increase free T3
secondary would show increase free T4 but inappropriately high TSH

36
Q

TREATMENT FOR hyperthyroidism

A

depeds on cause =
propranalol- used at time of diagnosis to control thyrotoxic symptoms
CARBIMAZOLE= blocks thyroid peroxidase > reduces thyroid levels
Propylthiouracil
-radioiodine
-surgery

37
Q

examples of antithyroid medications

A

carbimazole to suppress the production of TSH

38
Q

What med is better for young/ pregnant women

A

proplythiouracil

39
Q

side effects of thionamkdes

A
  • rash
    less common:
    arthralgia
    hepatitis
    neuritis
    vasculitis
40
Q

most serious side effect of thionamkikdes

A

agranulocytosis - presents as sore throat fever and mouth ulcers
must warn patients of this
stop is this ccurs and do a FBC

41
Q

HOW does radioidone work as a treatment

A

Emission of beta particles results in ionization of thyroid cells
Direct damage to DNA and enzymes

42
Q

what is hypothyroidism

A

thryoid levels abnormally low which results in a generalised slowing of metabolic processes

43
Q

cause of primary hypothyroidism

A

thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies present at low levels

44
Q

pathophysiology of hypothyroidism

A

T3/T4 not produced, compensatory levels of TSH

T3/T4 decrease TSH increase

45
Q

most common disease associated with primary hypothyroidism

A

hashimito thyroiditis

46
Q

what causes secondary hypothyroidism

A

pituitary failure - not enough TSH

47
Q

3 types of hypothyroidism

A

primary, secondary, tertiary

48
Q

risk factors for hyperthyroidism

A

smoking
stress
HLA- DR3
Addisons
vitiligo

49
Q

primary causes of hypothyroidism

A

hashimoto
drugs
thyroid resistance
iodine deficiency

50
Q

causes of hypo in child/ neonate

A

thyroid agenesis
thyroid ectopia

51
Q

investigation for hypothyroidism

A

thyroid function tests , look at TSH and T4 levels

52
Q

clinical features of hypothryoidsm

A

fatigue
Goitre non firm but tender
cold intolerance
menstrual disturbance
muscle cramos
slow cerebration
dry rough skin

53
Q

define hashimito

A

aut6oimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is attacked by a variety of cell and antibody -mediated immune processes

54
Q

cause of hashimoto

A

autoimmune

55
Q

pathophysiology of hashimitos

A

thyroid cells are destroyed via antibody-mediated immune processes

formation of antithyroid antibodies that attack the thyroid tissue , causing progressive fibrosis

56
Q

treatment for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

57
Q

what would investigation show for 2/3 hypothyroidism

A

TSH inappropriately low for reduced T4/T3

58
Q

TREATMENT of hypothyroidism

A

synthetic T4
LEVOTHYROXINE

59
Q

Raised TSH and low t4 would indicate

A

Primary hypothyroid

60
Q

Low t4 with normal or low tsh would indicate

A

Hypothyroidism

61
Q

Suppressed tsh and high t4 would indicate

A

Graves’ disease

62
Q

High t4 and normal or high tsh would indicate

A

Tshoma

63
Q

Low testosterone and raised LH and FSH would indicate

A

Primary hypoglnadism

64
Q

Low testosterone and normal or low lh / fsh would indicate

A

Hypopituitary

65
Q

Low testosterone and suppressed LH would indicate

A

Anabolic use

66
Q

Hormone levels before puberty

A

Oestradiol very low / undetectable
Low lh and fsh but fsh slightly higher

67
Q

Hormone levels around puberty F

A

Pulsatile LH increases and oestradiol increases

68
Q

What would primary ovarian failure show

A

High lh and fsh with fsh greater than lh no oestradial

69
Q

goitre along with heat intolerance, menstrual irregularity, and tachycardia is suggestive of

A

hyperthyroidism

endocrinology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions