Anatomy and basics

Question 1

what is a hormone

Answer 1

to excite

Question 2

what does endocrine mean

Answer 2

within/ separate

Question 3

what does exocrine mean

Answer 3

outside-

Question 4

three types of hormone action

Answer 4

endocrine
paracrine
autocrine

Question 5

endocrine hormone action involves ?

Answer 5

blood borne- acting at distant sites

Question 6

paracrine hormone action involves ?

Answer 6

acting on adjacent cells

Question 7

autocrine hormone action involves ?

Answer 7

feedback on the same cell that secreted the hormone

Question 8

properties of water soluble hormones

Answer 8

unbound
bind to receptor surface
short half life
fast clearance
peptides, monoamines

Question 9

properties of fat soluble hormones

Answer 9

protein bound
diffuse into cell
long half life
slow clearance
thyroid hormone and steroids

Question 10

characterisitcs of peptide hormones

Answer 10

vary in lentgh
linear or ring structure
stored in secretory granules
released in pulses

Question 11

characteristics of thryoid hormones

Answer 11

protein bound
20% of T3 in circulation

Question 12

hormone receptor locations?

Answer 12

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 13

characteristics of cholestrol and steroid hormones

Answer 13

fat soluble
enters cells directly to nucleus to stimulate mRNA production
transported by vit d binding protein.

Question 14

describe steroid action of hormones

Answer 14

Steroid hormone diffuses through plasma membrane and binds to receptor

Receptor-hormone complex enters nucleus

Receptor-hormone complex binds to GRE

Binding initiates transcription of gene to mRNA

mRNA directs protein synthesis

Question 15

5 methods to control the action of hormones

Answer 15

• hormone metabolism
• hormone receptor induction
  -hormone receptor down regulation
  -synergism
  -antagonism

Question 16

what could a tumour on pituatary gland cause

Answer 16

would press on the optic chiasm
may cause bi temporal hemianopia
less severe- double vision

Question 17

function of the thyroid hormone

Answer 17

Accelerates food metabolism
Increases protein synthesis
Stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism
Enhances fat metabolism
Increase in ventilation rate
Increase in cardiac output and heart rate
Brain development during foetal life and postnatal development
Growth rate accelerated

Question 18

signs of pituitary dysfunction

Answer 18

tumour mass effects
hormone excess
hormone deficiency

Question 19

define is appetite

Answer 19

desire to eat food

Question 20

define hunger

Answer 20

a need to eat

Question 21

define anorexai

Answer 21

lack of appetite

Question 22

define satiety

Answer 22

feeling of fullness

Question 23

risk of obesity

Answer 23

Type II diabetes
Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Stroke
Osteoarthritis
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Carcinoma

Question 24

what does weight regulation depend on

Answer 24

genes
environment
homeostasis

Question 25

what part of the brain plays a central role in appetite regulation

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

role of leptin

Answer 26

hunger supression

Question 27

role of ghrelin

Answer 27

hunger initiation

Question 28

what would happen if you didnt have leptin

Answer 28

wouldn’t stop eating

Question 29

what does peptide yy do

Answer 29

binds to npy receptors
inhibits gastric motility
reduces appetite