Thyroid Disorders

Question 1

What does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 1

Thyroid hormone : T3, T4, and Calcitonin

Question 2

Functions of thyroid hormone

Answer 2

1) Promotes normal growth and skeletal development
2) Increase metabolic rates
3) Promotes brain development
4) Increase protein breakdown

Question 3

Altered Thyroid Hormone Production affect the …

Answer 3

1) CVS function
2) GI function
3) Metabolism
4) Neuromuscular

Question 4

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 4

Overproduction of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland.

Question 5

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 5

1) Amenorrhea (menstruation problems)
2) Exopthalmus: forward protrusion of the eyeball
3) Tachycardia
4) Fatigue
5) Difficulty in sleeping
6) Sweaty skin
7) Hyperthermia
8) Diarrhea
9) Weight loss

Question 6

Clinical manifestations/complications of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 6

1) Grave’s disease - an autoimmune disease
2) Goiter - enlargement of thyroid gland
3) Thyroiditis - infection of thyroid gland
4) Thyroid Crisis/ Thyroid storm - extreme state

Question 7

What cause goiter?

Answer 7

• excess TSH stimulation
• growth-stimulating IG
• substances that inhibit TH synthesis

Question 8

Pathophysiology of hyperthyridism

Answer 8

1) autoimmune disease - Grave disease
2) increase secretion of TSH by pituitary gland
3) excessive intake of thyroid medication

Question 9

Lab test result for hyperthyroidism

Answer 9

1) TSH test - low

2) T3 and T4 test - high

Question 10

Managements for hyperthyroidism.

Answer 10

1) administer antithyroid drugs (Propanolol, Methimazole) - inhibit TH production
2) Administer iodine sources
- inhibit TH synthesis
- thyroid gland less vascularize prior to surgery
3) RadioActive Intake (RAI)
- damage and destroy the thyroid cells
- contraindicated for pregnant women

Question 11

what is hypothyroidism

Answer 11

a condition of thyroid gland that unable to produce enough of thyroid hormones.

Question 12

aetiology of hypothyroidism

Answer 12

1) Primary
(a) autoimmune disease - Addison’s , IDDM
(b) post thyroid surgery
(c) Hashimoto’s Disease - destroyed thy. gland
(d) iatrogenic - caused by previous treatment (RAI)
(e) iodine deficiency
2) Secondary
(a) hypothalamic failure
(b) post pituitary failure

Question 13

signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 13

1) Lethargy
2) Constipation
3) Dry, flaky skin
4) Puffy and pale face
5) Gained weight
6) Myxoedema (non pitting edema)

Question 14

Thyroid Function test for hypothyroidism

Answer 14

1) TSH - high

2) T4 - low

Question 15

managements for hypohyroidism

Answer 15

Administer Levothyroxine

• Lifelong medication
• Early morning intake
• Very hyper (report if BP/PR high)
• Oh baby safe!