Blood Components

Question 1

State types of blood components.

Answer 1

RBC (44%), Plasma (55%), WBC + Platelets (1%)

Question 2

How blood products can be collected?

Answer 2

Collected from normal donors by phlebotomy and hemapheresis

Question 3

Function or categories of these components:

1) Citrate
2) Adenine
3) Phosphate
4) Dextrose

Answer 3

1) anti coagulant
2) preserve RBC cells
3) maintain pH
4) nutrients for blood

Question 4

How to get maximum benefit from a unit of donated whole blood?

Answer 4

Plasma, red cells and platelets must be separated and stored at different temperatures and conditions.

Question 5

State requirements for optimum storage of :

Whole blood and packed cells

Answer 5

stored in designated controlled refrigerator.

Shelf life : 21-42 days

Question 6

State requirements for optimum storage of :

Plasma / FFP : Fresh frozen plasma

Answer 6

stored frozen ( -18 to -25’c) and thawed in the laboratory immediately before use

Shelf life : 3 to 36 months

Question 7

State requirements for optimum storage of :

Platelets

Answer 7

stored at room temperature with controlled agitator - to avoid clumping

never be stored in refrigerator

shelf life : 5 days

Question 8

List advantages of separation of blood components

Answer 8

1) Benefits more than 1 patients because 1 donor (1 blood bag) produced many blood products after separated
2) Prevent volume overload - avoid transfusing unnecessary blood products, only transfuse amount of patient required

Question 9

List out disadvantages of separation of blood products.

Answer 9

1) Increase risk of infection (bacterial, HIV, hepatitis)

2) Risk of transfusion reactions (eg: allergic reactions, febrile non haemolytic TR)

Question 10

List out / Explain general rule of thumb (guidelines) of blood products.

Answer 10

1) 10 g/dl as transfusion trigger only for low cardiorespiratory reserve pt.
2) Stable pt not required blood transfusion if Hb > 9dl
3) Blood transfusion required if Hb< 6g/dl (acute anaemia)
4) Allogeneic blood transfusion can increase post operative infections d/t immunosuppressive effects
5) Symptomatic anemia pt should receive blood transfusion immediately regardless Hb level

6) monitor regularly individual basis such as :
- clinical signs and symptoms (esp. haemodynamic instability)
- comorbidity
- further risk of blood loss

Question 11

State indications for whole blood.

• Blood taken from a suitable donor, used w/o further processing

Answer 11

1) Actively bleeding pt (acute blood loss of total blood vol. > 35-40%
2) Exchange transfusion (HDN)
3) Must be ABO Compatible

Question 12

State contraindication for whole blood transfusion.

Answer 12

chronic anaemia

Question 13

State indications for packed red cells transfusion.

• Blood obtained from whole blood after removal of most of plasma

Answer 13

1) chronic anaemia (symptomatic), required higher oxygen carrying capacity within a short time, do not required volume replacement
2) thalassemia
3) ABO Compatible

Question 14

Indications for leukocyte-reduced RBC

• white blood cells removal
• by filtration

Answer 14

1) prevention of the non hemolytic febrile transfusion reaction

Question 15

Frozen RBC Indications

• frozen (w glycerol used as cryoprotective agent)
• stored in liquid nitrogen or mechanical freezers
• at least 10 years w good viability

Answer 15

1) rare blood types for pt with multiples antibodies
2) autologous blood for a postponed operation
3) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 16

Cryoprecipitate (CPP)

Answer 16

• produced by slow-thawing (at 4’c) FFP, followed by centrifugation at 4’c
• concentrated source of fibrinogen, fibronectin, factor VIII,, VWF

Question 17

Platelets, how does it prepared?

Answer 17

• prepared by using a centrifuge to separate the platelet-rich plasma from the donated blood
• may be obtained from a donor by a proses of plateletpheresis or apheresis

Question 18

Indications for platelets

Answer 18

• thrombocytopenia
• platelet fx abnormalities
• acute disseminated IV coagulation

Question 19

Contraindications for platelets

Answer 19

1) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

2) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)