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Endo/Repro > Thyroid CIS > Flashcards

Thyroid CIS Flashcards

1
Q

Cretinism

A

Metal retardardaion and growth delays which results form thyroid hormone deficiency during development

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2
Q

___ is essential for the development of the CNS

A

TH

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3
Q

Clinical manifestations of Cretinism

A
  • short stature
  • potbelly
  • enlarged, protruding tongue
  • developmentally delayed
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4
Q

The most valid and useful assessment of thyroid function is a ____ test.

A

Serum TSH

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5
Q

In hyperthyroidism TSH will be ____ and T4 will be ___

A
  • decreased

- increased

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6
Q

Overproduction of thyroid hormone by a nodule with low TSH and gland hypertrophy around the the thyroid gland is ____.

A

Toxic adenoma or “hot nodule”

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7
Q

A toxic nodular goiter is a ____.

A

is a mulitnodular toxic andenoma

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8
Q

What pattern is seen in hyperthyroid thyroiditis?

A

hyperthyroidism –> euthyroidism –> hypothyroidism –> euthyroidism

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9
Q

Thyroiditis with a painful gland is ____ and ____.

A

Subacute thyroiditis and is viral

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10
Q

Thyroiditis with non-tender glands is ____ and ____. An example is ____

A
  • Silent thyroiditis
  • transient
  • postpartum thyroiditis
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11
Q

6 Causes of hyperthyroidism

A
  1. Autoimmune (graves disease)
  2. exogenous TH
  3. Toxic adenoma
  4. Nodular goiter
  5. subacute thyroiditis
  6. silent thyroiditis
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12
Q

Results of a radioactive Iodine test in Hyperthyroidism

A

Increased uptake of I and less in urine

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13
Q

Results of radioactive Iodine test in Hypothyroidism

A

Small amounts taken up by thyroid and large amounts excreted in urine

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14
Q

Silent thyroiditis is also know as ______

A

Subacute lymphocytic

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15
Q

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is _____.

A

Graves Disease

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16
Q

What the the Triad of Graves Disease?

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Exophthalmos
  3. Shin Edema
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17
Q

Graves Disease is an ________ disease in which ______ auto-antibodies are directed towards the _____ receptor.

A
  • autoimmune disease
  • activating
  • TSH
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18
Q

Treatment in graves disease: (4)

A
  • immune suppression
  • antibody clearance
  • blocking thyroid function
  • gland removal
19
Q

Graves disease occurs commonly in ____ages ____

A
  • women ages 20-40
20
Q

Eye changes in graves disease is dt ______.

A

increased volume of retro-orbital connective tissue and extraocular mm from inflammation

21
Q

Primary hypothyroidism effects the _____

A

thyroid gland

22
Q

Secondary Hypothyroidism effects the _____. What lab values would we see?

A
  • anterior pituitary

- low TSH and T4/T3

23
Q

Tertiary hypothyroidism effects the ___

A

hypothalamus

24
Q

Examples of Primary hypothyroidism: (2)

A
  1. Hashimoto’s Disease

2. Radioactive ablation of the thyroid

25
Q

Example of secondary Hypothyroidism: (3)

A
  1. Pituitary insufficiency
  2. TBI
  3. Sheehan’s
26
Q

Example of tertiary Hypothyroidism: (1)

A
  1. hypothalamic disease
27
Q

The most common disorder of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas is _____

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

28
Q

Autoimmune antibodies present in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (4)

Type?

A
  1. Thyroid peroxidase
  2. TSH receptor
  3. thyroglobulin
  4. iodine transporter
    type = blocking
29
Q

Hormone levels in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis:

A
  • Increased TSH and TRH

Decreased T3 and T4

30
Q

Classical Presentation of Hashimoto’s / hypothyroidism: (8)

A
  • goiter
  • skin changes
  • peripheral edema
  • constipation
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • anovulation
  • brittle hair
31
Q

Treatment of Hashimoto’s:

A

T4 replacement therapy with levothyroxine

32
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is more common in ___ ages ____ and is seen in _____.

A
  • women ages 45-65

- clusters in families

33
Q

In Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, the thyroid gland is ______ and we see a ______ of the gland.

A
  • inflamed

- gradual failure

34
Q

The absence of iodine for an extended period of time will result in which changes to thyroid laboratory values?

A
  • High TSH

- Low T3/T4

35
Q

Administration of thyroid hormone to a patient with hypothyroidism will have what effect?

A

Decrease in TSH levels

36
Q

Clinical findings in Hyperthyroidism: (8)

A
  • weight loss
  • sweating
  • palpitations
  • nervousness/ tremors
  • exophthalmos
  • diarrhea
  • hair thinning
  • shin edema
37
Q

Testing shows a suppressed TSH and an increased homogeneous radioactive iodine uptake. Which finding would be likely in the patient?

A
  • elevated thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins
38
Q

Laboratory findings in hypothyroidism:

A
  • high TSH

- Low T3/T4

39
Q

What physical exam findings would be present in the case of recurrent hyperthyroidism?
What would the radioactive iodine test show?

A
  1. Thyroid gland hypertrophy

2. increase uptake of Iodine

40
Q

What physical exam finding would be present in the case of over replacement of thyroid hormone?

A

Thyroid gland atrophy (small gland)

41
Q

Why do we see amenorrhea/

anovulation and increased prolactin in hypothyroidism?

A
  • lack of T3/T4 = no negative feed on anterior pituitary
  • increase in TRH –> increase in TSH and prolactin
    Prolactin –> inhibits GnRH causing amenorrhea and anovulation (no LH/FSH)
42
Q

A 33 y/o male takes L-thyroxine 1 μg orally each day. He asks how the thyroxine works on a cellular levels. Which is the best explanation?

A

It binds to a cytoplasmic receptor, and the hormone-receptor complex diffuses into the nucleus to affect transcription.

43
Q

Role of rT3?

A

rT3 has little biological effect

44
Q

What is Euthyriod Sick Syndrome? And what value will be elevated? how is it treated?

A
  • mild hypothyroid symptoms are seen in ill patients with normal functioning thyroids
  • see an elevation in rT3
  • treated by treating the illness

Endo/Repro (5 decks)

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