Thyroid autoimmune diseases Flashcards
Pathophysiology of Graves disease
Caused by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies. These are activating antibodies which act like TSH, activating the receptor and stimulating the constant release of T4 (thyroxine), causing hyperthyroidism.
Lab results for Graves disease
Decreased TSH
Increased T4 and T3
due to a negative feedback loop
Presentation of hyperthyroidism
Anxiety and irritability
Sweating and heat intolerance
Tachycardia
Weight loss
Fatigue
Insomnia
Loose stools
Sexual dysfunction
Brief reflexes on examination
Pathophysiology of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Autoimmune thyroiditis caused by non-activating antibodies to thyroid peroxidase.
Resulting in autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland with resultant hypothyroidism.
Lab test results for hypothyroidism
Low T4 and high TSH
Due to the pituitary trying to stimulate the thyroid hormone production.
Treatment for graves
Carbimazole
Radioactive iodine
Beta-blockers for sympathetic symptoms
Aetiology of Goitre
is caused by iodine deficiency
Pathophysiology Goitre
thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency, leading to cell hyperplasia
Treatment for Gotier
Iodine supplementation
T4 maybe required in the interim
Goitre screening
should check for autoantibodies to exclude graves and Hashimoto’s
Lab results for Goitre
Low T4 and high TSH
Pituitary Tumour-Related Thyrotoxicosis definition
secondary thyrotoxicosis due to TSH-secreting primary pituitary adenoma
Lab finding for Pituitary Tumour-Related Thyrotoxicosis
high TSH
Raised T4
TSH receptor antibody negative
Treatment for pituitary Tumour - Related Thyrotoxicosis
Thyroidectomy
T4 replacemnet
Clinical presentation of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Weight gain
psychological issues
cold intolerance
lethargy
enlarged thyroid
