Thyroid Anatomy

Question 1

The larynx is a cartilaginous structure in the anterior neck suspended from the ____ bone and spanning between C3 - __?

Answer 1

Hyoid bone (C3)
C6

Question 2

The larynx is continours with the ____ inferiorly and the _____ superiorly. It is anterior to the ________?

Answer 2

Trachea, pharynx. Oesophagus.

Question 3

Thyroid cartilage of the larynx is a full ring? T/F

Answer 3

F. Criocid cartilage is a full ring, thryoid cartilage isnt quite

Question 4

_____ cartilage has a laryngeal prominence?

Answer 4

Thyroid

Question 5

Why will a goitre move superiorly and inferiorly with swallowing?

Answer 5

Thyroid gland is attached to the larynx (at lateral asepcts of thyroid and cricoid cartilage) => move with it

Question 6

Where does the thyroid gland begin its development?

Answer 6

Foramen caecum - Junction between ant 2/3rds and post 1/3rd of the tongue.

Question 7

Narrow band that lies anterior to 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings and connects L and R lobes of thyroid gland ?

Answer 7

Isthmus

Question 8

4 Parathyoid glands are located on the POSTERIOR/ANTERIOR surface of the lateral thyroid lobes ?

Answer 8

POSTERIOR

Question 9

Which lobe is formed due to embryological development as thyroid descends (in 45% of people)?

Answer 9

Pyramidal lobe

Question 10

How does the thyroid gland remain attached to the tongue as it migrates inferiorly(during embryological dvelopment)?

Answer 10

Via THYROGLOSSAL DUCT

Question 11

By what week will the thyroid gland reach its final position (C5-T1)and begin to work ?

Answer 11

Week 7

Question 12

Thyroid gland is ;anterolateral to ___ & __.
Deep to ____ and ____ muscles.
Enclosed by __.??

Answer 12

Larynx &trachea.
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid.
Pretracheal fascia.

Question 13

Thyroid and PT are supplied by superior thyroid artery (branches off _____) and inferior thyroid artery (branches off _____) ?

Answer 13

external carotid. subclavian

Question 14

The presence of what thyroid artery must be considered before tracheotomy?

Answer 14

ima artery (very common variant, branches off brachiocephalic))

Question 15

Superior and middle thyroid veins drain to ___ , inferior thyroid veins drain to _____?

Answer 15

Internal jugular veins

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 16

Thyroid and PT gland is initially drained by which nodes?

Answer 16

Superior and inferior deep cervical. (along IJV) Tracheal (- pre- and para-) nodes

Question 17

Lymph is returned via left and right lympathic ducts to left and right venous angles? TRUE or FALSE?

Answer 17

TRUE for RIGHT

FALSE for LEFT….Lymph collecting in the left venous angle returns via the THORACIC DUCT

Question 18

Muscle within superficial fascia that is attached between mandible & chest and supplied b CN VII?

Answer 18

Platysma.

Question 19

Which neck compartment encloses the cervical vertebrae and postural neck muscles?

Answer 19

Prevertebral (deep) fascia. (posterior compartment)

Question 20

Pretracheal fascia (anterior compartment) enloses which 5 structures?

Answer 20

strap muscles
thyroid gland trachea oesophagus
recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 21

What encloses all neck fascial compartments (pretracheal, prevertebral fascial compartments and carotid sheaths )?

Answer 21

Investing fascia

Question 22

Which 2 pairs of muscles does investing fascia enclose?

Answer 22

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 23

Which nerve supplies the SCM and trapezius?

Answer 23

CN XI - Spinal accessory

Question 24

Where can infection spread to in the investing fascia?

Answer 24

Retropharyngeal spaces (between fascial tubes )

Question 25

Carotid sheaths are deep to 1__, anterolateral to 2__. Attach superiorly to 3__, blend inferiorly with 4_____. Bifurcate at 5___.

Answer 25

1. Investing fascia.
2. thyroid gland
3. base of skull
4. mediastinal fascia
5. C4

Question 26

COntents of carotid sheath?

Answer 26

the internal jugular vein
the common, then the internal carotid arteries
the vagus nerve
the deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 27

All strap muscles inferior to the?

Answer 27

Hyoid bone

Question 28

Which strap muscle is separates into inferior and superior belly at an attachment to the clavicle via a fascial sling?

Answer 28

Omohyoid - Omo = shoulder. (Takes a turn through the fascial sling then up. )

Question 29

How do the vagus nerves travel in relation to the lung hilum and oesophagus?

Answer 29

Posterior to lung hilum. ON oesophagus

Question 30

Which vagus nevre branches into recurrent laryngeal in the NECK?

Answer 30

Right. Recurrent laryngeal hooks under R subclavian.

Question 31

The left recurrent laryngeal hooks under…?

Answer 31

Arch of Aorta

Question 32

Along which lines is the incision made for thyroidectomy?

Answer 32

Along langer lines (common) or skin tension lines (rarely).SUperior to clavicles and jugular notch.

Question 33

What is an iatrogenic injury?

Answer 33

Injury made from physician or surgeon while carrying out medical treatment or diagnostic procedure

Question 34

Function and innervation of larynx?

Answer 34

phonation, cough, breathing. Innervation = recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 35

Only muscle of the larynx not innervated by recurrent larngeal?

Answer 35

Cricothyroid - external larnygeal

Question 36

Hoarseness or weakness of the voice and weak cough is a sign of what type of recurrent nerve injury?

Answer 36

UNILATERAL

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of Bilateral recurrent injury?

Answer 37

aphonia (cant produce sound)
Cant close rima glottidis (opening between vocal cords) to prevent aspiration or produce a good cough (needs closure of rimaglottis)