Pituitary Anatomy Flashcards
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
Where is the incision made for thyroidectomy?
Along langer lines (common) or skin tension lines (rarely).SUperior to clavicles and jugular notch.
What is an iatrogenic injury?
Injury made from physician or surgeon while carrying out medical treatment or diagnostic procedure
The pituitary gland lies in the pituitary fossa of which bone?
SPHENOID
What structure does the pituitary gland lie inferior to?
OPTIC CHIASM
Which nerves are formed by convergence of axons from retinal ganglion cells?
OPTIC Nerves
7 steps of the optic pathway
- Nasal retina
- Optic Nerves
- Optic CHIASM
- Optic Tracts
- Thalamus
- Optic Radiation
- Visual Cortex of occipital lobes
Which part of the chiasm is usually first affected by compression from pituitary adenoma?
Central part
Why does those lead to a bilateral hemianopia?
Compresses the central NASAL retina fibres, bilaterally => temporal visual field is lost.
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribriform plate
What kind of surgical approach requires the surgical fracture of the nasal septum and floor & roof of sphenoid sinus (es) ??
TRANSSPHENOIDAL TRANSNASAL
Which skull fracture provides best access in complicated cases (for pituitary surgery) ?
Le Fort 1. (horizontal across maxilla, sup to teeth roots and crossing bony nasal septum)
What are dural venous sinuses?
Venous channels within the dura mater that drain most of the venous blood from the cranial cavity (including the brain) into the internal jugular veins
What is the diaphragm sellae?
Tough sheet of dura mater that forms a roof over the pituitary fossa (=> pituitary gland is inferior to the diaphragm sellae)
Pituitary gland is surrounded by which sinuses?
Cavernous and intercavernous.
Which structures are at risk in pituitary gland surgery?
- Optic chiasm
- occulomotor nerve
Trochlear N - trigeminal
- Abducent N
- Cavernous sinus
Internal carotid A
-Dura matter
Damage to which structure would result in catastrophic heamorrhage?
Internal carotid
would result in problems with several eye movements and dilated pupil?
Occulomotor nerve
Damage to which structure would result in CSF leak?
Dura matter
Damage to which structure would result in venous haemorrhage?
Cavernous sinus
Damage to which structure would result in Bilateral haemianopia?
Optic chiasm
