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Endocrine > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of hypothyroidism?

A

Insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone due to an underachieve thyroid gland.

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2
Q

What is the cause of primary hypothyroidism?

A

Disease of the thyroid gland

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3
Q

What is the cause of secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Disease of the hypothalamus or the pituitary

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4
Q

What are the 5 types of hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Autoimmune
  2. Iatrogenic
  3. Drug induced
  4. Iodine deficiency
  5. Congenital
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5
Q

What % of the population develop hypothyroidism?

a. 6%
b. 2%
c. 20%
d. 13%

A

b. 2%

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6
Q

What gender is hypothyroidism more common in?

A

Women

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7
Q

Give 7 symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Weight gain
  2. hair loss
  3. cold intolerance
  4. bradycardia
  5. dry skin & hair
  6. lethargic
  7. mood changes & mental slowness
  8. low libido
  9. goitre
  10. muscle weakness/stiffness
  11. tiredness
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8
Q

What blood results would you expect to find in hypothyroidism?

a. TSH- low T4- low
b. TSH- high T4- low
c. TSH- high T4- high
d. TSH- low T4- high

A

b. TSH- high T4- low

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9
Q

What is the primary management of hypothyroidism for a normal ‘healthy’ individual?

A

Levothyroxine (T4) 50-100mg 24hrly.

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10
Q

How often would you review a patient with hypothyroidism on 50-100mg of levothyroxine 24hrly?

A

Every 6 weeks according to response using thyroid function tests.

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11
Q

What is the primary management of hypothyroidism for a elderly/IHD patient?

A

Levothyroxine 25mg 24hrly.

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12
Q

How often would you review a patient with hypothyroidism on 25mg levothyroxine 24hrly?

A

Every 4 weeks according to response to treatment and TSH levels

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13
Q

What is the autoimmune condition of hypothyroidism called?

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis

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14
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of hashimotos thyroiditis?

A

Aggressive destruction of the thyroid cells which result in thyroid gland unable to enough thyroid hormones.

The auto antibodies bind to the TSH receptors and further impair the function of the thyroid gland

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15
Q

Is hashimotos thyroiditis more common in men or women?

A

Men

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16
Q

Give 3 examples of triggers of Hashimotos Thyroiditis?

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Medication
  3. infection
  4. iodine
17
Q

What is myxoedema coma?

A

Severe hypothyroidism and is the ultimate state before death

18
Q

What is the definition og hyperthyroidism?

A

Over active thyroid gland that results in excess production of thyroid hormones.

19
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic thyroid disorders?

A
  1. Graves disease
  2. Toxic adenoma
  3. multi-nodular goitre
20
Q

What factor can increase the risk of developing Graves disease?

A

Smoking

21
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Graves disease?

A

B-cells IgG autoantibodies bind to the TSH receptor and stimulate excess thyroid hormone production.

23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of toxic adenoma?

A

Follicular cells grow uncontrollably which lead to the development of a benign tumour that produce excess thyroid hormone

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of multi nodular goitre?

A

Mutated TSH receptor cause follicular cells to generate excess thyroid hormones.

25
Q

Who is commonly affected by multi nodular goitre?

A

women

26
Q

What % of women are affected by Graves disease?

A

2-5%

27
Q

What age group are most likely to develop hyperthyroidism ?

A

30-50 years

28
Q

What is the definition of thyroiditis?

A

Group of disorders that is characterised by some form of thyroid inflammation

29
Q

What can thyroiditis often lead to?

A

thyrotoxicosis

30
Q

Give 5 causes of thyroiditis?

A 
Hashimotos 
Drug induced 
De Querevain
postpartum thyroiditis
Reidel thyroiditis

Endocrine (9 decks)

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