Insulin Flashcards
what is the function of insulin
lower blood glucose levels
what is a common cause of hypoglycaemia (diet related)
low carb diet
list 3 key symptoms of DKA
vomiting abdo pain polyuria and polydipsia malaise/drowsiness SOB
what are the 3 clinical signs of DKA
rapid resp rate
tachycardia
low BP
what 4 tests are needed to diagnose DKA
+ urine ketones
blood glucose >11mmol
venous PH <7.3
serum bicarb <16mmol
what is the definition of hypoglycaemia
blood glucose <4mmol
list 3 causes of hypoglycaemia
too much insulin
low carb diet
delayed/missed meal
impaired renla func
infection
increased exercise
which does adrenergic symptoms refer to:
- symptoms caused by adrenaline/noradrenalin
- symptoms as a result of low bloody glucose in the brain
- symptoms caused by adrenaline/noradrenalin
which does neuroglycopenic symptoms refer to
- symptoms as a result of low bloody glucose in the brain
list 3 adrenergic signs/symptoms in hypoglycaemia
pallor
tachycardia/bradycardia
sweating
shaking
palpitations
list 3 neuroglycopenic signs/symptoms in hypoglycaemia
confusion irritability lethargy visual disturbances dizziness drowsiness
what are the 4 areas of related causes for hypoglycaemia
diet related
treatment related
activity related
physiology related
what are the 3 types of insulin
quick acting
medium/long acting
insulin mixtures
how often is quick acting insulin administered
3x a day at mealtimes
when must short acting insulin not be given
not given at bedtime
what are the 2 types of quick acting insulin
short acting
rapid acting
when are the medium/long acting insulins usually administered
2x a day in the morning/bedtime
what does the insulin mixtures contain
provide basal and meal related insulin
when must the insulin mixtures NOT be given
bedtime
true/false
insulin mixtures can be given at bedtime
FALSE
Give an example of an premixed insulin mixture
humulin
approx how many mins before a meal are premixed insulin administered
15-20 mins
give an example of a biphasic insulin mixture
humalog
when are the biphasic insulin mixtures (humalog) given
with/upto 15 mins after a meal containing carbs
give an example of a long acting insulin
lantus/levemir
which is Humulin S
- short acting
- intermediate acting
- insulin mixture
- short acting
S = short
which is humulin I
- short acting
- intermediate acting
- insulin mixture
intermediate acting
I = intermediate
which is humulin M3
- short acting
- intermediate acting
- insulin mixture
insulin Mixture
M = mixture
where is insulin administered
sub cut fat
list 2 examples of places where insulin can be administered
buttock
thigh
abdomen
list 3 examples in where insulin can be administered IV
DKA
surgery
unable to eat/drink e.g. vomiting
what is given alongside insulin when blood glucose levels <14mmol in dka management
IV glucose + IV insulin
what is DAFNE
dose adjustment for normal eating
what does DAFNE involve
list 3
estimate carb content in every meal/snack
calculate quick-acting insulin given at each meal
self manage diabetes
