Insulin

Question 1

what is the function of insulin

Answer 1

lower blood glucose levels

Question 2

what is a common cause of hypoglycaemia (diet related)

Answer 2

low carb diet

Question 3

list 3 key symptoms of DKA

Answer 3

vomiting 
abdo pain 
polyuria and polydipsia 
malaise/drowsiness 
SOB

Question 4

what are the 3 clinical signs of DKA

Answer 4

rapid resp rate
tachycardia
low BP

Question 5

what 4 tests are needed to diagnose DKA

Answer 5

+ urine ketones
blood glucose >11mmol
venous PH <7.3
serum bicarb <16mmol

Question 6

what is the definition of hypoglycaemia

Answer 6

blood glucose <4mmol

Question 7

list 3 causes of hypoglycaemia

Answer 7

too much insulin

low carb diet

delayed/missed meal

impaired renla func

infection

increased exercise

Question 8

which does adrenergic symptoms refer to:

1. symptoms caused by adrenaline/noradrenalin
2. symptoms as a result of low bloody glucose in the brain

Answer 8

1. symptoms caused by adrenaline/noradrenalin

Question 9

which does neuroglycopenic symptoms refer to

Answer 9

2. symptoms as a result of low bloody glucose in the brain

Question 10

list 3 adrenergic signs/symptoms in hypoglycaemia

Answer 10

pallor
tachycardia/bradycardia

sweating
shaking
palpitations

Question 11

list 3 neuroglycopenic signs/symptoms in hypoglycaemia

Answer 11

confusion 
irritability
lethargy 
visual disturbances 
dizziness 
drowsiness

Question 12

what are the 4 areas of related causes for hypoglycaemia

Answer 12

diet related
treatment related
activity related
physiology related

Question 13

what are the 3 types of insulin

Answer 13

quick acting

medium/long acting

insulin mixtures

Question 14

how often is quick acting insulin administered

Answer 14

3x a day at mealtimes

Question 15

when must short acting insulin not be given

Answer 15

not given at bedtime

Question 16

what are the 2 types of quick acting insulin

Answer 16

short acting

rapid acting

Question 17

when are the medium/long acting insulins usually administered

Answer 17

2x a day in the morning/bedtime

Question 18

what does the insulin mixtures contain

Answer 18

provide basal and meal related insulin

Question 19

when must the insulin mixtures NOT be given

Answer 19

bedtime

Question 20

true/false

insulin mixtures can be given at bedtime

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

Give an example of an premixed insulin mixture

Answer 21

humulin

Question 22

approx how many mins before a meal are premixed insulin administered

Answer 22

15-20 mins

Question 23

give an example of a biphasic insulin mixture

Answer 23

humalog

Question 24

when are the biphasic insulin mixtures (humalog) given

Answer 24

with/upto 15 mins after a meal containing carbs

Question 25

give an example of a long acting insulin

Answer 25

lantus/levemir

Question 26

which is Humulin S

1. short acting
2. intermediate acting
3. insulin mixture

Answer 26

1. short acting

S = short

Question 27

which is humulin I

1. short acting
2. intermediate acting
3. insulin mixture

Answer 27

intermediate acting

I = intermediate

Question 28

which is humulin M3

1. short acting
2. intermediate acting
3. insulin mixture

Answer 28

insulin Mixture

M = mixture

Question 29

where is insulin administered

Answer 29

sub cut fat

Question 30

list 2 examples of places where insulin can be administered

Answer 30

buttock
thigh
abdomen

Question 31

list 3 examples in where insulin can be administered IV

Answer 31

DKA
surgery
unable to eat/drink e.g. vomiting

Question 32

what is given alongside insulin when blood glucose levels <14mmol in dka management

Answer 32

IV glucose + IV insulin

Question 33

what is DAFNE

Answer 33

dose adjustment for normal eating

Question 34

what does DAFNE involve

list 3

Answer 34

estimate carb content in every meal/snack

calculate quick-acting insulin given at each meal

self manage diabetes