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Endocrinology > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What are associations with Graves

A 
Female
HLA DR3
Stress
Smoking
High iodine intake
Postpartum
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2
Q

What are causes of hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Grave’s disease
  • Toxic Multinodular goitre
  • Toxic adenoma
  • Congenital (neonatal) hyperthyroidism
  • Postpartum thyroiditis
  • Iodine induced hyperthyroidism
  • Pituitary adenoma
  • Drug induced (amiodarone, lithium, radio contrast agents)
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3
Q

What drugs cause hyperthyroidism?

A

Amiodarone
Lithium
Radio contrasts

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4
Q

What are clinical features of hyperthyroid?

A 
Sweat
Anxious
Palpitations
Tachy
Diarrhoea
Tremor
Weight Loss
AF/SVT
Apetite increase
Weight loss
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5
Q

What are Grave’s specific signs?

A

Diffuse goitre
Thyroid eye disease
Pretibial myxoedema
Acropachy (hand swollen fingers clubbed)

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6
Q

What is MNG specific?

A

multinodular goitre

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7
Q

What are investigations done in hyperthyroidism?

A

TFTs
Thyroid antibodies: TPO and Tg
Isotope uptake scans

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8
Q

What are TFTs in primary hyperthyroid?

A

Low TSH

High T3 and T4

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9
Q

What are TFTs in secondary Hyperthyroid?

A

High everything

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10
Q

How is hyperthyroid managed?

A
  1. Antithyroid drugs- CARBIMAZOLE
  2. 131 Iodine treatment
  3. Surgery
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11
Q

What are side effects of carbimazole?

A

Rash

Agranulocytosis (sore throat, fever, mouth ulcers- warn before starting and stop if develop and check FBC)

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12
Q

How does 131I therapy work

A

I is essential for hormone production so 131 taken up, and beta particles damage cells causing necrosis, vascular occlusion and atrophy.

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13
Q

When is 131I indicated?

A

Graves that relapsed or failed medical treatment
MNG
Adenomas

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14
Q

What is risk of 131I and surgert?

A

Hypothyroid later

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15
Q

What causes thyrotoxicosis mostly?

A

Graves

Triggered by stress or infections

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16
Q

WHat are clinical features of thyrotoxicosis?

A 
Diarrhoea
Weight loss
Apetite increase
Sweat
Palpitations
Heat intolerance
Tremor
AF/SVT
Palmar erythema
Hair loss
Clubbing
17
Q

How is thryotoxicosis managed?

A

BBs

Carbimazole and/or thyroxine

18
Q

What are causes of hypothyroid?

A 
Iatrogenic
Congiential
Hashimotos
Iodine deficiency
Sarcoid/Amyloid
19
Q

What are signs of hypothyroid?

A 
Thin hair
Hoarse
Facial oedema/Ascites/Pleural effusion
Slow pulse
Cold extremities
SOB
20
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroid?

A 
Menorrhagia
Fatigue
Feeling cold
Constipation
Paraesthesia
Poor memory/concentration

Endocrinology (9 decks)

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