thyroid 2

Question 1

when are parathyroid glands seen

Answer 1

when enlarged

Question 2

main function of parathyroid glands

Answer 2

to increase the blood calcium levels when it is low

Question 3

what acts in a complementary manner to PTH

Answer 3

calcitonin

Question 4

fine needle aspiration

Answer 4

evaluates nodules before surgery if needed allowing for early diagnosis

Question 5

thyroid scan nuclear imaging technique options

Answer 5

hot, warm or cold

Question 6

warm nodules indicate

Answer 6

normal thyroid function

Question 7

cold nodules indicate

Answer 7

hypofunctional or nonfunctional thyroid tissue

Question 8

normal thryroid gland lobe volume

Answer 8

7-11cc

Question 9

definition of a thyroid nodule

Answer 9

region of parenchyma sonographically distinct from the remainder of the thyroid

Question 10

thyroid carcinomas are ________ relative to the surrounding thyroid parenchyma

Answer 10

hypo echoic

Question 11

is thyroid cancer common in predominately cystic nodules

Answer 11

no

Question 12

cysts may be ___, ____ or ____

Answer 12

colloid simple or hemorrhagic

Question 13

another word for colloid

Answer 13

hyperplastic

Question 14

residual strands of thyroid tissue within a cyst give a ____ appearance

Answer 14

honeycomb

Question 15

benign cystic nodules commonly seen with __________

Answer 15

echogenic foci with comet tail artifact

Question 16

most specific sonographic feature assoiciated with thyroid malignancies

Answer 16

microcalcifications

Question 17

what defines a microcalcification

Answer 17

echogenic foci but with no acoustic shadowing or comet tail artifact

Question 18

vascularity of BENIGN nodules

Answer 18

peripheral flow pattern

Question 19

vascularity of malignant nodules

Answer 19

internal vascularity

Question 20

if a nodules extends out of thyroid into another organ it is assume

Answer 20

aggressive malignancy

Question 21

suspicious features of local lymphadenopathy

Answer 21

rounded shape, loss of fatty hilum, cystic change, micro calcifications, hypervascular internally

Question 22

two most reliable benign features

Answer 22

near complete cystic appearance, ring down artifact

Question 23

malignant sonographic signs

Answer 23

micro calcifications, hypoechogenicity of solid nodule, intranode hypervascularity