thyroid 2 Flashcards
when are parathyroid glands seen
when enlarged
main function of parathyroid glands
to increase the blood calcium levels when it is low
what acts in a complementary manner to PTH
calcitonin
fine needle aspiration
evaluates nodules before surgery if needed allowing for early diagnosis
thyroid scan nuclear imaging technique options
hot, warm or cold
warm nodules indicate
normal thyroid function
cold nodules indicate
hypofunctional or nonfunctional thyroid tissue
normal thryroid gland lobe volume
7-11cc
definition of a thyroid nodule
region of parenchyma sonographically distinct from the remainder of the thyroid
thyroid carcinomas are ________ relative to the surrounding thyroid parenchyma
hypo echoic
is thyroid cancer common in predominately cystic nodules
no
cysts may be ___, ____ or ____
colloid simple or hemorrhagic
another word for colloid
hyperplastic
residual strands of thyroid tissue within a cyst give a ____ appearance
honeycomb
benign cystic nodules commonly seen with __________
echogenic foci with comet tail artifact
most specific sonographic feature assoiciated with thyroid malignancies
microcalcifications
what defines a microcalcification
echogenic foci but with no acoustic shadowing or comet tail artifact
vascularity of BENIGN nodules
peripheral flow pattern
vascularity of malignant nodules
internal vascularity
if a nodules extends out of thyroid into another organ it is assume
aggressive malignancy
suspicious features of local lymphadenopathy
rounded shape, loss of fatty hilum, cystic change, micro calcifications, hypervascular internally
two most reliable benign features
near complete cystic appearance, ring down artifact
malignant sonographic signs
micro calcifications, hypoechogenicity of solid nodule, intranode hypervascularity
