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Surgery > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

How to diff ECA & ICA in the neck?

A

ICA doesn’t give branches in the neck

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2
Q

Inf thyroid artery is a branch of

A

Thyrocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian artery

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3
Q

Thyroid ima artery is a branch of

A

Arch of aorta (direct branch)
Seen in 3% population

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4
Q

Which artery supplies parathyroid glands?

A

Inf thyroid artery

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5
Q

Venous drainage of thyroid

A

Superior thyroid vein drains into IJV
Middle thyroid vein if present (30% individuals) drains into IJV
Inferior thyroid vein - brachio cephalic vein

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6
Q

First vessel to be ligated in thyroidectomy

A

Middle thyroid vein

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7
Q

External laryngeal nerve injury

A

Tensing of vocal cord affected. High pitch not possible

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8
Q

Why is it called the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Because it winds over the vessels and appear again
Left side- around AoA
Right- around subclavian artery

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9
Q

Dvlpt of thyroid gland

A

From a median down growth as a column of cells from phary floor- b/w 1st & 2nd phary pouches.

The canalised colum bcms thyroglossal duct- displaced forward by developing hyoid.
Duct divides to form lobes

Parafollicular C cells from neural crest through ultimobranchial body

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10
Q

Vert extent of thyroid gland

A

C5-T1

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11
Q

Lateral lobes of thyroid covered by

A

SH, ST, SBoO, SCM

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12
Q

Pyramidal lobe

A

In 30% indiv
From the junction of isthmus and lateral lobe
Conn to hyoid by levator glandulae thyroidiae

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13
Q

Surgical avascular plane of thyroid

A

B/w true and false capsule

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14
Q

Lateral relation of thyroid

A

Carotid sheath
Ansa cerv
Symp chain

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15
Q

Posterior relation of thyroid

A

PTH gland
Tubercle of zuckerkandl

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16
Q

Beahrs / Riddles triangle

A

CCA, ITA, RLN

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17
Q

Joll’s triangle

A

Lat- sup thyroid vessels and sup pole of thyroid
Med- midline
Above- straps
Below(floor)- cricothyroid

18
Q

Congenital anomalies

A

Thyroid dysgenesis- agenesis, hemiagenesis
Ectopic thyroid (MC anomaly)
Lingual thyroid
TG cyst, fistula
Lateral aberrant thyroid
Dyshormonogenesis

19
Q

Ectopic sites of thyroid

A

Lingual, intra lingual, sublingual
TG cyst
Retro sternal goitre

20
Q

Mc carcinoma in lingual thyroid

A

Follicular carcinoma

21
Q

Dd for lingual thyroid

A

Lingual tonsil hypertrophy
Ca post 1/3rd of tongue
Lipoma, angifibroma, hemangioma

22
Q

Lingual thyroid Rx

A

Inv- Tc99 pertechnate study
MRI
USG neck
TFT

Rx- thyroxine, excision, Radioisotope therapy

23
Q

TG Cyst

A

Swelling in neck along the line of TG tract
D/t failure of TG duct to obliterate completely
Has resp epithelium

24
Q

C/F of TG cyst

A

Midline swelling twds left
Mvmnt with deglu + tongue protrusion
Tugging sensation when protruded while holding
Smooth, soft, fluctuant, non tender, mobile transilluminant

25
Q

Chance of mx in TG cyst

A

1%

26
Q

Rx of TG CYST

A

Sistrunk- cyst + tract + central part of body of hyoid

More aggressive- koempels suprahyoid technique

27
Q

Hood sign seen in

A

TG fistula

28
Q

Lateral aberrant thyroid

A

a mass of tissue having the structure of a normal or pathological thyroid gland, but situated at some definite distance from the normal thyroid, with which it has no connection, or more strictly, lateral to the jugular vein.

29
Q

Pendred syndrome

A

Hypothyroid + SNHL

30
Q

Accuracy of FNAC

A

95%

31
Q

FNAC thyroid procedure

A

6 aspirations with 6 groups of cells.
One group- 20 cells.
Better if US guided
Grading - thy1,2,3,4,5

32
Q

Diffuse hyperplastic goitre

A

Cause- TSH stimulation
Rx- L thyroxine

33
Q

Compli of MNG

A

2
F
HC
T
Cosm

34
Q

Use of USG in thyroid nodules

A

Shows:
Size
Echogenicity
Number
Solid/ cystic
Signi LN
Vascularity

35
Q

ACR TIRADS

A

American college of radiology
Thyroid imaging reporting and data system

36
Q

Tirads

A

1- N
2- Bn
3- probably bn
4- sus
5- mx

37
Q

Quadruple assessment in thyroid

A

Clinical
Imaging
Cytology
Functional- t3,t4,tsh

38
Q

Define retro sternal goitre

A

Goitre having >50% below suprasternal notch

39
Q

D/d of retro sternal goitre

A

Mediastinal tumors

40
Q

Inv of RSG

A

CXR
CT chest and neck
TFT
Radioiodine study
PFTs

Surgery (8 decks)

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