Thursday 3 - Brain neurotransmitter systems (Trachte) Flashcards
Three examples of ligand-gated channels in neurons
Glutamate
GABA - chloride channel - hyperpolarizes a neuron.
5 HT
Why does GABA cause a hyperpolarization of a neuron?
Chloride in cell - 9mM
Chloride CSF - 130mM
reversal potential for Cl:
-61mV *log(130/9) = ~-70
chloride goes in the cell until the the resting potential is ~-70
inhibitory Metabotropic receptors inhibit inflow of what ions?
or enhance flow of what?
inhibits Ca
enhances K
What neurotransmitter in the brain is almost always stimulatory?
Glutamate
what infectious agent affects GS, producing too much cAMP and causing diarrhea usually in kids.
Cholera toxin
Most synapses in the brain are ___________
“inhibitory”
Lidocane
mech
plugs up Na channels
What is wrong in parkinsons
what do you give for it
less dopamine in the brain.
L-dopa - it can cross the BBB then it turns into dopamine
Amphetamines
mech
Causes Norepi and dopamine to be secreted by making the reuptake protein work in the opposite direction.
Cocaine
mech
stops reuptake of dopamine
Anticholinesterases mech
Stops acytylcholine from being converted back to choline.
choline is the form that is re-uptaken.
neurotransmitter most associated with motor pathways?
Glutamate
Three types of receptors that Glutamate can act on, and what ions do they transport? Which one does ketamine inhibit?
AMPA (Na, K)
NMDA (Ca, Na, K) Ketamine works here.
Kainic acid (Na, K)
can block these to reduce seizure activity as well
What happens if you take away GABA receptors?
Everything gets activated, chicken runs around with it’s head hit off.
What drugs activate GABA receptors?
Benzodiazepines, alcohol, some muscle relaxants
