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thurmal physics (everything) Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

the higher the tempreture of a body the higher the…

A

avarge Ek of particals

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2
Q

what is the internal enegy of a body

A

Ek + potential enegy

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3
Q

what is a closed system…

this means that…

(need to be dubble checked)

A

a system wich does not allow transfer of enegy and mass in or out

total enegy is constent and there is no work done unless the body is heated or cooled

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4
Q

enegy is ______ ______ between particals within a system, through _______ ________ _______ but the _____ _______ ______ of all the particals ______ _____ duroing these collisions

A

constantly transfered, collisions between particals, total combined enegy, doesnt change

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5
Q

how can internal enegy be incresed

A
  • by heating
    OR
  • by doing work to transfer enegy to the system (e.g changing shape)
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6
Q

how can internal enegy be reduced

A

-by cooling
OR
-by doing work to remove enegy from the system

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7
Q

a change of state causes a…

internal enegy increases as a result of change in state:
- what changes to cause an increase in internal enegy
- what stays constent

this means…

A

change of potential energy

potential enegy of the particals is changed
while
Ek is constent

tempreture stays constent

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8
Q

specific heat capacity (c) is…

A

the amount of enegy needed to raise the tempreture of 1kg of a substanse by 1k (or1c’)

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9
Q

give enegy change equaition
(When dealing with c)

A

ΔQ=mcΔT
enegy change = mass x spesific heat capacity x change in tempreture

(Δθ or Δt is sometimes used intead of ΔT)

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10
Q

specific latent heat is…

therefore
the spesific latent heat (L) of _____ or ______ is the quantity of ______ ______ required to ______ ___ _____ of __ of a substance

A

the enegy needed to to brake the bonds that hold particals together therefore changing its state
(note you have to say some bonds if it is not a gass as there is still some bonds there)

fusion, vaoration, thurmal enegy, change the state, 1Kg

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11
Q

give the energy change equation
(for l)

A

ΔQ=ml
enegy change = mass of substance changed x specific latent heat

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12
Q

0K is where all particals have the _____ possible __

E of particals ∝

A

minumim, Ek

E of particals ∝tempreture

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13
Q

K (kelvin) =

A

K = C + 273

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14
Q

boyles law:
give equation

Explain

draw the graph

A

p∝1/V when T is constent

  • if you reduce the volume of a gass the particals will be closer together
  • therefore the particals will collid with each other and the container more often, so the pressure will increase

see pg 110

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15
Q

charles law:
equation

explain

draw the graph

A

V∝T when p is constent

  • when you heat a gass the particals gain Ek.
  • this means the particals move quicker and further apart
  • therefore to keep constent pressure the gasses volume must increase
    see pg 110
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16
Q

pressure law:
give equation

explain

draw graph

A

P∝T when V is constent

  • if you increase the tempreture of a gass the particals within the gass will have a greater Ek
  • this means the particals will move faster
  • if volume is constent then the particals will collide with each other and the conainer more often
  • thereofre increaseing the pressure

see pg 110

17
Q

charles law, boyles law and the pressure law all apply if the gass is…

A

ideal

18
Q

define temperature when dealing with gases

A

This is the measure of the average Ek of the particles

19
Q

what does 1 mole contain

what is the mass of 1 mole of (4)(2)He

nomber of moles is represented as… and avagardos constent is represented as… and nomber of melecules is represented as…

therefore
nomber of molecules is given by the queation…

A

6.02x10^23 (avagardos constent N(A) - wich is number of atoms in a mole)

4g (1 mole is = to the reletive mass x 1g)

n, N(A), N

N=nN(A)

20
Q

what is R and give its value

A

gas constent for 1 mole of gas
(8.31Jmol^-1K^-1)

21
Q

give the ideal gas equation

when does this equation work well

A

pV=nRT

for when a real gass aproximats to a ideal gas.
this is when:
- low pressure
- high tempretures (compeared to there boiling point)

22
Q

what is K (not kelvin)…

K also =

when does this work

A

gas constent for 1 partical
(1.38x10^-23JK^-1)
(boltzmanns constent)

K=R/N(A)

when dealing with large nombers of molecules
because K is a statistical avarge for 1 partical

23
Q

give the equation of state equation

derive it

A

pV=NKT

pV=nRT
N=nN(A) K=R/N(A)
N/n=R/k
NK=nR
pV=NKT

24
Q

work is done to change the _____ of gass at a constent ________.

this normaly involves transfer of….

give wd equations (not given)

draw graph of p/V, what is the area

A

volume, tempreture

heat

wd=pΔV

see pg 113, area=wd

25
Q

give kenetic theory model equation

and dirive it

A

pV=1/3 x Nm(Crms)^2

see phone or pg 114

26
Q

list all 5 assumption that are used in kinetic theory

what is the gas that obays these assumptions called?

A
  1. the molecules continually move about randomly
  2. the motion of the molecules follow Newton’s laws
  3. Collisions between molecules themselfs or at the walls of a container are perfectly elastic
  4. exept for during collisions, the molecules always move in stright lines
  5. any forces that act during collisions last for much less time than the time between collisions

an ideal gas

27
Q

ideal gases have internal enegys that are dependent only on…
meaning…

A

kenetic enegy of the particals within the body

the potential enegy = 0J

28
Q

when do real gases act like ideal gases

A

when:
- low pressure
- tempreture is high (compeared to there boiling point)

29
Q

what is the 2 approximation for the kinetic enegy of the molecules in any substance equation

dirive both

A

Ek=3/2 x KT
Ek=3/2 x RT/N(A)

pV=1/3 x Nm(Crms)^2
pV= nRT
pV=pV
1/3 x Nm(Crms)^2 = nRT
1/2 x Nm(Crms)^2 = 2/3 x nRT
1/2 x m(Crms)^2 = 2/3 x nRT/N
NK = nR
1/2 x m(Crms)^2 = 2/3 x NkT/N
1/2 x m(Crms)^2 = 2/3 x kT
therefore Ek=2/3 x kT

K=R/N(A)
1/2 x m(Crms)^2 = 2/3 RT/N(A)
therefore Ek=2/3 RT/N(A)

30
Q

emam question (2mark)
Tempreture is constent but pressure in oven decreases as atoms leave through an exit whole.
explain, using kinetic theory, why the pressure decreases

A
  • because the nomber of particals within the oven decreases, the possible number of collisions per second also decreases.
  • as the change in p experienced by a partical when colliding with the container is constent (u, speed is content)
    then
    the total Δp per second experienced by teh container will decrease
    thereofre
    presure drops

physics (17 decks)

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