thrombotic disorders

Question 1

fibrinolysis

Answer 1

urokinase, tPA, plasminogen, XII-> plasmin

plasmin-> fibrin into fibrinogen

Question 2

arterial thrombus

Answer 2

white clot/platelets and fibrin
results in ischaemia and infarction
secondary to atherosclerosis

Question 3

risk factors for arterial thrombosis

Answer 3

Age
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Hypercholesterolaemia

Question 4

venous thrombus

Answer 4

red thrombus- fibrin and red cells
results in back pressure
principally due to stasis and hypercoagulability

Question 5

venous thromboembolism

Answer 5

Limb deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
visceral venous thrombosis
intracranial venous thrombosis
superficial thrombophlebitis

Question 6

risk factors

Answer 6

increasing age
pregnancy
hormonal therapy
tissue trauma
immobility
surgery
obesity

Question 7

systemic disease and venous thrombosis

Answer 7

cancer
myeloproliferative neoplasm
autoimmune disease:
IBD
CTD
APhospholipid syndrome

Question 8

pretest probability

Answer 8

wells score

geneva score

Question 9

imaging

Answer 9

CT pulmonary angiogram

Question 10

aim of management

Answer 10

prevent clot extension
clot embolisation
clot recurrence in long term treatment

Question 11

Drugs

Answer 11

anticoagulants
-LMWH
-warfarin
DOACs 
Thrombolysis in massive PE

Question 12

heritable thrombophilia

Answer 12

-inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

Question 13

common

Answer 13

factor V leiden

Prothrombin G20210A

Question 14

Rare

Answer 14

antithrombin deficiency

protein C & S deficiency

Question 15

screening

Answer 15

restricted to high risk only

Question 16

microvascular thrombus

Answer 16

results in diffuse ischaemia

DIC

Question 17

DIC

Answer 17

occurs in
septicaemia
malignancy
eclampsia
-causes tissue ischaemia
gangrene organfailure
consumption of platelets and clotting factors lead to bleeding