Thrombosis And Embolism

Question 1

What is thrombosis

Answer 1

• Formation of a solid mass

• With the constituents of the blood

• Within the heart

• Or vascular system

• In a living organism

• Generally attached to endothelium
• Layers of platelets and fibrin
Not a haematoma
Not post mortem

Question 2

Virchow triangle

Answer 2

Endothelial cell
damage

Changes in blood
constituents

Changes
in blood
flow

Question 3

Types of thrombi (2)

Answer 3

• Arterial – pale thrombi
• Predominantly fibrin and platelets

• Venous - red thrombi
• Large numbers of trapped red cells

Question 4

Arterial thrombus sites

Answer 4

Aorta, carotid circle of Willis, coronary, intestinal, limbs

• Cardiac – valves, mural – post infarction, atrial

Question 5

Venous thrombus sites

Answer 5

•Thrombophlebitis – secondary to inflammation

• Phlebothrombosis – DVT in the absence of inflammation

• Causes – thrombophilia

Question 6

Evolution of thrombi

Answer 6

• Fibrinolysis
• Organization and recanalization
• Thrombo embolism
Senani Williams

Question 7

What is embolism

Answer 7

• Occlusion or obstruction of a vessel
• By an abnormal mass –
• Solid
• Liquid or
• Gaseous
• Transported from a different site by the circulation

Question 8

2 sites of embolism origin

Answer 8

** in systemic veins**
Pulmonary circulation
Paradoxical embolism

In heart or systemic arteries

– in distal systemic
artery in - brain, heart, kidney, extremity, intestines

Question 9

What is the serious complication of embolism

Answer 9

Pulmonary embolism

Question 10

Reason for pulmonary embolism

Answer 10

• 90% originate in deep veins of the leg
• Post operative
• Post partum
• Lengthy immobilization
• Cardiac failure
• OCPs

Question 11

3 clinical effects of pulmonary embolism

Answer 11

• Massive emboli – sudden death
• Medium size emboli – pulmonary infarction
• Small emboli – pulmonary hypertension

Question 12

What are the types of embolism

Answer 12

Air embolism
Tumour embolism Pulmonaryembolism
Atheromatous
foreign body
cholesterol
Septic
Fat
Marrow embolism

Question 13

Predisposing factors for thrombosis

Answer 13

Smoking

Diabetes

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Lack of activity and obesity

Poor diet

Family history of arterial thrombosis

Blood stasis and hypercoagulability

Lack of movement, such as after surgery or on a long trip