Oedema And Congestion Flashcards
What is edema
Abnormal and excessive accumulation of fluid in intracellular space and in the different body cavities
Hydrothorax
hydropericardium
hydroperitoneum
What is anasarca
Severe and generalized edema with wide spread subcutaneous tissues swelling
Two types of edema
Inflammatory
non inflammatory
Two types of edema fluid
Exudate
Transudate
What is exudate
Morbid accumulation of fluid in interstitial space due to **increase capillary permeability*z
What is transudate
Mobid accumulation of fluid in interstitial space due to altered hydrostatic pressure
Two types of enema according to the site
Localize
generalize
5 mechanism of edema formation
1) Increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
2) decrease osmotic pressure
3) lymphatic obstruction
4) increase capillary permeability
5) sodium and water retention
Local Causes of increased hydrostatic pressure
DVT of lower limb
Acute lvf
Ascits of liver disease (portal hypertension)
Postural oedema
Genaralize Causes of increased hydrostatic pressure
CCF
Constructive pericarditis
Heat
Causes of decrease oncotic pressure
Increase loss of albumin
Nephrotic syn
Decrease synthesis
Protein loosing enteropathy
Malnutrition
Ascites liver disease
Causes of lymphatic obstruction
Inflamation
infection
neoplastic
post surgical
post irradiation
pressure on thoracic duct
Causes of sodium and water retension
Excessive sort intake with renal insufficiency
Increase tubular reabsorption of sodium
Renal hypoperfusion
Increase RAAS
ways of Increase capillary permeability
Acute inflammation
chronic inflammation
Angiogenesis
Edema fluid distribution is influenced by gravity ?
Dependent edema
Manifestation of renal edema
Periobital edema
( Loose CT tissue matrix)
Pulmonary oedma manifestation
Increase weight
Cross section
frothy, blood stained mixture
of air,extravasated RBC
Brain edema manifestations
Can be localized or generalized
Genaralize - narrow sulci, distended
gyri
Clinical effects of edema
(Skin liver lung brain)
Chronic edema of skin
Impaired phone healing
causes cellulitis
Edema of liver
Pain in RCH
Edema of lung
Dyspnea. finally death
Edema of brain
Increase intracranial pressure
Brain herniation
Finally death
Clinical effects of serosal cavity edema
Interfere with cardiac contractivity
Hypoxia
Abdominal distension
Clinical manifestation of edema of larynx
Death
Meaning of congestion
Passive process caused by reduce out flow of the blood from tissue
Two types of congestion
Systemic
CF
localised
Isolated Venus obstruction
Examples for local congestion
Thrombosis
portal Venus obstruction in liver cirrhosis
plasters tumors pregnancy and hernia
