Oedema And Congestion

Question 1

What is edema

Answer 1

Abnormal and excessive accumulation of fluid in intracellular space and in the different body cavities

Hydrothorax
hydropericardium
hydroperitoneum

Question 2

What is anasarca

Answer 2

Severe and generalized edema with wide spread subcutaneous tissues swelling

Question 3

Two types of edema

Answer 3

Inflammatory

non inflammatory

Question 4

Two types of edema fluid

Answer 4

Exudate

Transudate

Question 5

What is exudate

Answer 5

Morbid accumulation of fluid in interstitial space due to **increase capillary permeability*z

Question 6

What is transudate

Answer 6

Mobid accumulation of fluid in interstitial space due to altered hydrostatic pressure

Question 7

Two types of enema according to the site

Answer 7

Localize

generalize

Question 8

5 mechanism of edema formation

Answer 8

1) Increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

2) decrease osmotic pressure

3) lymphatic obstruction

4) increase capillary permeability

5) sodium and water retention

Question 9

Local Causes of increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer 9

DVT of lower limb

Acute lvf

Ascits of liver disease (portal hypertension)

Postural oedema

Question 10

Genaralize Causes of increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

CCF

Constructive pericarditis

Heat

Question 11

Causes of decrease oncotic pressure

Answer 11

Increase loss of albumin
Nephrotic syn

Decrease synthesis
Protein loosing enteropathy
Malnutrition
Ascites liver disease

Question 12

Causes of lymphatic obstruction

Answer 12

Inflamation

infection

neoplastic

post surgical

post irradiation

pressure on thoracic duct

Question 13

Causes of sodium and water retension

Answer 13

Excessive sort intake with renal insufficiency

Increase tubular reabsorption of sodium
Renal hypoperfusion
Increase RAAS

Question 14

ways of Increase capillary permeability

Answer 14

Acute inflammation

chronic inflammation

Angiogenesis

Question 15

Edema fluid distribution is influenced by gravity ?

Answer 15

Dependent edema

Question 16

Manifestation of renal edema

Answer 16

Periobital edema
( Loose CT tissue matrix)

Question 17

Pulmonary oedma manifestation

Answer 17

Increase weight

Cross section
frothy, blood stained mixture
of air,extravasated RBC

Question 18

Brain edema manifestations

Answer 18

Can be localized or generalized

Genaralize - narrow sulci, distended
gyri

Question 19

Clinical effects of edema
(Skin liver lung brain)

Answer 19

Chronic edema of skin
Impaired phone healing
causes cellulitis

Edema of liver
Pain in RCH

Edema of lung
Dyspnea. finally death

Edema of brain
Increase intracranial pressure
Brain herniation
Finally death

Question 20

Clinical effects of serosal cavity edema

Answer 20

Interfere with cardiac contractivity

Hypoxia

Abdominal distension

Question 21

Clinical manifestation of edema of larynx

Answer 21

Death

Question 22

Meaning of congestion

Answer 22

Passive process caused by reduce out flow of the blood from tissue

Question 23

Two types of congestion

Answer 23

Systemic
CF

localised
Isolated Venus obstruction

Question 24

Examples for local congestion

Answer 24

Thrombosis

portal Venus obstruction in liver cirrhosis

plasters tumors pregnancy and hernia

Question 25

Examples for systemic congestion

Answer 25

In right and left side heart failure

long diseases interfereing pulmonary blood flow
(emphysema ,fibrosis)

Question 26

Macroscopical morphology of chronic veenus congestion

Answer 26

Enlarge
Hemorrhagic
Wet dusty red color

Question 27

Microscopical morphology of chronic veenus congestion

Answer 27

Engoge capillaries
Hemorrhage and edema
Parenkaima cell degeneration courses death of cells and scaring