Thrombosis

Question 1

Thrombus

Answer 1

Solid mass within the blood vessels or heart from the constituents of the blood

Question 2

How is thrombus different from a blood clot

Answer 2

It is a pathological manifestation, blood clots are necessary

Question 3

Virchow’s triad

Answer 3

Endothelial injury, stasis or turbulence of blood flow, blood hypercoagulability

Question 4

General sequence of hemostasis

Answer 4

Arteriolar vasoconstriction (endothelin), exposure of ECM allows platelets to bind, platelets release secretory granules, aggregation, formation of hemostatic plug, coagulation cascade, thrombin, fibrinogen to fibrin, fibrin and platelets polymerize

Question 5

3 antithrombotic properties of endothelial cells

Answer 5

Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, fibrinyltic

Question 6

What inhibits platelet adhesion

Answer 6

PGI2 and NO, and adenosine diphosphatase degrading ADP

Question 7

What mediates anticogulation

Answer 7

Heparin-like molecules and thrombomodulin

Question 8

What promotes fibrinolytic activity

Answer 8

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Question 9

3 prothrombotic properties of endothelial cells

Answer 9

Platelet effect, pro-coagulant proteins, antifibrinolytic system

Question 10

What facilitates platelet binding

Answer 10

Endothelial production of vWF

Question 11

What stimulates coagulation

Answer 11

Thromboplastin, furthermore factors IXa and Xa

Question 12

What depresses fibrinolysis

Answer 12

PAIS

Question 13

Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade converge in…

Answer 13

Factor X activation

Question 14

Roles of thrombin

Answer 14

Generates fibrin, platelet aggregation and secretion, activates endothelium, activates inflammatory cells

Question 15

How is plasmin generated

Answer 15

From plasminogen using t-PA and u-PA

Question 16

Outcomes of thrombosis

Answer 16

Dissolution, propagation, blood flow resumes through gaps, embolus