Anemia

Question 1

What is the proportion of the hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow

Answer 1

60% granulocytes, 20% erythroid and 10% lymphocytes

Question 2

3 major cell types in the blood

Answer 2

Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets

Question 3

Types of leukocytes

Answer 3

NLMEB

Question 4

Erythroid maturation sequence

Answer 4

Proerythroblast, erythroblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatophilic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Question 5

Relative erythrocytosis

Answer 5

Reduction of the plasma (looks like red blood cells increase in proportion)

Question 6

Absolute erythrocytosis

Answer 6

Increase in red blood cell number (increased chance of thrombosis)

Question 7

Anemia

Answer 7

Reduction in the oxygen transport capacity of the blood (low RBC, low hemoglobin, low hematocrit)

Question 8

Degree of hemoglobinization is an alteration in the…

Answer 8

Color index

Question 9

Ansiocytosis

Answer 9

Variation in RBC size

Question 10

Poikilocytosis

Answer 10

Variation in RBC shape

Question 11

Mean cell volume

Answer 11

Average volume/size of a RBC (80 femtoliters)

Question 12

Mean cell hemoglobin

Answer 12

Average content/mass of hemoglobin per RBC (20 picograms)

Question 13

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

Answer 13

Average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed RBC (8-18g/dL)

Question 14

Red blood cell distribution width

Answer 14

The coefficient of variation of RBC volume (11.5-14.5)

Question 15

3 classification of anemia according to underlying mechanism

Answer 15

Blood loss, increased rate of destruction, impaired production

Question 16

Hemorrhage is often associated with…

Answer 16

Thrombocytosis (more platelets)

Question 17

Intrinsic abnormalities of red cells

Answer 17

Disorders of membrane synthesis, enzyme deficiencies, disorders of hemoglobin synthesis

Question 18

Extrinsic abnormalities of red cells

Answer 18

Antibody mediated, infection, toxins and poisons

Question 19

Spherocytosis is caused by…

Answer 19

Lack of spectrin, and key RBC cytoskeleton protein

Question 20

Clinical features of spherocytosis

Answer 20

Anemia, splenomegaly, reticulocytosis, jaundice, cholelithiasis

Question 21

Sickle cell disease

Answer 21

Hereditary hemoglobinpathy, characterized by production of defective hemoglobins

Question 22

Types of impaired red cell production

Answer 22

Aplastic anemia or deficiencies

Question 23

Aplastic anemia

Answer 23

Hematopoietic cell damages, altered proliferation, differentiation and maturation

Question 24

Pernicious (megaloblastic) anemia

Answer 24

B12/folate deficiency, increased RBC size, hyper segmented neutrophils, all myeloid lineages affected

Question 25

Pancytopenia

Answer 25

Low count of all blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

Question 26

Iron deficiency anemia affects the ____ of RBCs

Answer 26

Cytoplasm

Question 27

What is another name for iron deficiency anemia

Answer 27

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Question 28

The pool of storage iron is tightly bound to…

Answer 28

Ferritin or hemosiderin

Question 29

How much of the functional iron is found in hemoglobin?

Answer 29

80%

Question 30

Iron cycle

Answer 30

Plasma iron bound to transferrin is moved to marrow, iron moves onto developing RBCs, moves into circulation, after 120 days they are ingested by macrophages, iron is extracted from hemoglobin and returns to plasma

Question 31

Iron deficiency anemia leads to low…

Answer 31

Hematocrit, hemoglobin and ferritin

Question 32

What are the 4 probable causes for iron deficiency in piglets

Answer 32

Low body storage or iron, low iron in sow’s colostrum, not in contact with iron from soil, rapid growth of nursing piglet